The Impact of Combined Sewer Overflows on Pharmaceutical and Illicit Drug Levels in New York/New Jersey Waterways

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI:10.1002/etc.5891

Teeshavi Acosta, Viviana Chavez, Natalie Fernandez, Erin Perry, Kate Good, Marta Concheiro

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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse are organic micropollutants of emerging concern in both surface and groundwater worldwide. These compounds are considered to be pseudo-persistent because of their continuous release into water systems. The presence of these compounds in the environment at any concentration poses a potential risk to nontarget organisms. The main sources of these contaminants are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The primary goal of our study was to identify and quantify a panel of 28 commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals (mood-altering drugs, cardiovascular drugs, antacids, antibiotics) and high-prevalence drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, cannabis) in river water samples collected from 19 locations in the Hudson and East rivers in New York City. The second goal was to investigate the possible source (WWTP or CSOs) of these micropollutants. Samples were collected weekly from May to August 2021 (n = 224) and May to August 2022 (n = 232), and placed at −20 °C until analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected analytes in 2021 were metoprolol (n = 206, 92%), benzoylecgonine (n = 151, 67%), atenolol (n = 142, 63%), and methamphetamine (n = 118, 53%), and in 2022 the most frequently detected were methamphetamine (n = 194, 84%), atenolol (n = 177, 76%), metoprolol (n = 177, 76%), and 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (n = 159, 69%). Measured concentrations ranged from the limit of detection (0.50–5.00 ng/L) to 103 ng/L. More drugs and higher concentrations were detected in water contaminated by Enterococci (>60 most probably number) and after rainfall, indicating the influence of CSOs. The presence of drugs in samples with little to no Enterococci and after dry weather events indicates that WWTPs contribute to the presence of these substances in the river, probably due to a low removal rate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1592–1603. © 2024 SETAC

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下水道合流溢流对纽约/新泽西水道中药物和违禁药物含量的影响。

药物和滥用药物是全球地表水和地下水中新出现的有机微污染物。这些化合物被认为是假持久性的，因为它们会持续释放到水系统中。这些化合物以任何浓度存在于环境中，都会对非目标生物造成潜在风险。这些污染物的主要来源是废水处理厂（WWTP）和联合污水溢流（CSO）。我们研究的主要目标是从纽约市哈德逊河和东河的 19 个地点采集的河水样本中识别和量化 28 种常用处方药（改变情绪药物、心血管药物、抗酸剂、抗生素）和高发滥用药物（可卡因、苯丙胺、类阿片、大麻）。第二个目标是调查这些微污染物的可能来源（污水处理厂或 CSO）。在 2021 年 5 月至 8 月（n = 224）和 2022 年 5 月至 8 月（n = 232）期间，每周收集一次样本，并将样本置于 -20 °C 温度下，直至采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。2021 年最常检测到的分析物是美托洛尔（206 人，92%）、苯甲酰可待因（151 人，67%）、阿替洛尔（142 人，63%）和甲基苯丙胺（118 人，53%）、而在 2022 年，最常检测到的是甲基苯丙胺（194 人，84%）、阿替洛尔（177 人，76%）、美托洛尔（177 人，76%）和 2-乙烯-1,5-二甲基-3,3-二苯基吡咯烷（159 人，69%）。检测到的浓度从检测限（0.50-5.00 纳克/升）到 103 纳克/升不等。在受到肠球菌（可能数量大于 60 个）污染和降雨后的水样中，检测到的药物更多，浓度也更高，这表明受到了 CSO 的影响。在几乎没有肠球菌的水样中以及在干旱天气后的水样中发现了药物，这表明污水处理厂可能由于去除率低而导致了河水中这些物质的存在。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 SETAC.

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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