Through the looking-glass: Mirror feedback modulates temporal and spatial aspects of bimanual coordination

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103237
J. Kim, S.-H. Yeo, T.D. Punt
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Abstract

Mirror therapy has become an effective and recommended intervention for a range of conditions affecting the upper limb (e.g. hemiparesis following stroke). However, little is known about how mirror feedback affects the control of bimanual movements (as performed during mirror therapy). In this study, in preparation for future clinical investigations, we examined the kinematics of bimanual circle drawing in unimpaired participants both with (Experiment 1) and without (Experiment 2) a visual template to guide movement. In both experiments, 15 unimpaired right-handed participants performed self-paced continuous bimanual circle-drawing movements with a mirror/symmetrical coordination pattern. For the mirror condition, vision was directed towards the mirror in order to monitor the reflected limb. In the no mirror condition, the direction of vision was unchanged, but the mirror was replaced with an opaque screen. Movements of both hands were recorded using motion capture apparatus. In both experiments, the most striking feature of movements was that the hand behind the mirror drifted spatially during the course of individual trials. Participants appeared to be largely unaware of this marked positional change of their unseen hand, which was most pronounced when a template to guide movement was visible (Experiment 1). Temporal asynchrony between the limbs was also affected by mirror feedback in both experiments; in the mirror condition, illusory vision of the unseen hand led to a relative phase lead for that limb. Our data highlight the remarkable impact that the introduction of a simple mirror can have on bimanual coordination. Modulation of spatial and temporal features is consistent with the mirror inducing a rapid and powerful visual illusion, the latter appearing to override proprioceptive signals.

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透过望远镜镜像反馈调节双臂协调的时间和空间方面
镜像疗法已成为治疗一系列上肢疾病(如中风后偏瘫)的有效和推荐的干预方法。然而,人们对镜像反馈如何影响双臂运动(如在镜像疗法中进行的双臂运动)的控制知之甚少。在本研究中,为了给未来的临床研究做准备,我们在有视觉模板指导运动的情况下(实验 1)和没有视觉模板指导运动的情况下(实验 2),研究了未受损参与者双臂画圆的运动学。在这两项实验中,15 名没有障碍的右撇子参与者以镜像/对称协调模式进行了自定步调的连续双臂画圆运动。在镜像条件下,视线朝向镜子,以监测反射的肢体。在无镜子条件下,视线方向不变,但镜子换成了不透明的屏幕。使用动作捕捉仪器记录双手的动作。在这两个实验中,最显著的运动特征是镜子后面的手在单个试验过程中发生空间漂移。参与者似乎基本上没有意识到他们看不见的手的这种明显的位置变化,这种变化在有引导运动的模板时最为明显(实验 1)。在这两个实验中,肢体之间的时间不同步也受到镜像反馈的影响;在镜像条件下,未见之手的虚幻视觉导致该肢体的相对相位领先。我们的数据凸显了引入一个简单的镜子对双臂协调的显著影响。对空间和时间特征的调节与镜子诱发快速而强烈的视觉错觉相一致,后者似乎压倒了本体感觉信号。
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来源期刊
Human Movement Science
Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
89
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."
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