Human Movement Science最新文献

Biomechanical responses following compelled forward versus backward body shift: How aging and perturbation direction alter balance recovery? 身体被迫前移和后移后的生物力学反应：衰老和扰动方向如何改变平衡恢复？

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103303

Soroosh Sadeh , Keng-Hung Shen , Forouzan Foroughi , Mark W. Rogers , Hao-Yuan Hsiao

Falls are a significant health risk in older adults, and forward and backward falls each account for more than 40 % of falls. Dynamic stability, limb support, and impact energy absorption are crucial balance regulatory components and likely vary with the direction of imbalance. Understanding how perturbation direction influences these key components of balance stability regulation is crucial. This study investigated the balance stability, lower limb impact energy absorption, and limb support in forward and backward directions of balance perturbations in younger versus older adults.

Thirteen healthy old and thirteen healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants stood on two adjacent perturbation platforms in modified tandem stance. The leading or trailing limb support surface dropped 76.2 mm vertically at an unknown time to impose body shift. Two-way (direction X group) mixed ANOVA was performed to analyze the anterior margin of stability (MoS), trunk angular displacement, peak negative power at the hip, knee, and ankle, and the peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF).

Compared to forward perturbation, backward perturbation induced greater MoS (P < 0.01), peak VGRF (P < 0.01), and peak ankle (P < 0.05) and hip (P < 0.05) joint power. Older adults showed decreased MoS (P < 0.05), perturbed limb peak VGRF (P < 0.05), and ankle (P < 0.05) and knee (P < 0.05) joint peak power compared to younger adults.

Forward perturbations induced greater challenges for dynamic stability, possibly due to trunk motion characteristics, while backward perturbations posed challenges in limb support and impact energy absorption. In addition, age-related deficits in balance stability regulation were observed in both perturbation directions.

跌倒是老年人的一个重大健康风险，向前和向后跌倒各占跌倒的 40% 以上。动态稳定性、肢体支撑和冲击能量吸收是平衡调节的重要组成部分，并可能随着失衡方向的不同而变化。了解扰动方向如何影响平衡稳定性调节的这些关键组成部分至关重要。本研究调查了年轻人和老年人在平衡扰动的前进和后退方向上的平衡稳定性、下肢冲击能量吸收和肢体支撑力。13 名健康的老年人和 13 名健康的年轻人参加了这项研究。参与者站在两个相邻的扰动平台上，采用改良的串联站姿。前肢或后肢支撑面在未知时间垂直下降 76.2 毫米，以施加身体移动。采用双向（方向 X 组）混合方差分析来分析前方稳定幅度（MoS）、躯干角位移、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的负功率峰值以及垂直地面反作用力峰值（VGRF）。与前向扰动相比，后向扰动引起的 MoS 更大（P

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引用次数: 0

Effects of freezing of gait on vertical ground reaction force in Parkinson's disease 冻结步态对帕金森病患者垂直地面反作用力的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103301

Mohammad Etoom , Ibrahem Hanafi , Alhadi M. Jahan , Auwal Abdullahi , Omar M. Elabd

Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is a main kinetic gait analysis explaining body weight loading patterns. The study primarily aimed to understand effects of Freezing of gait (FoG) on vGRF in Parkinson's disease (PD). A secondary analysis for a walking dataset including biomechanical analyses for 26 PD participants (13 with FoG) was performed. Considering the normal pattern of vGRF curve, peaks during early stance (F1) and late stance (F3), and slope in- during mid-stance (F2) were used to represent the change in kinetic forces. vGRF parameters were compared between FoG and non-FoG participants, and at off- and on-medication. FoG participants showed higher vGRFs during mid-stance F2 magnitude (p = 0.003), and weaker vertical propulsion; F3 magnitude (p < 0.001). This coincided with delayed weight acceptance; F1 timing (p = 0.019), and midstance peaks; F2 timing (p = 0.004). At off-medications, the F2 magnitude was significantly higher (p = 0.006), F3 magnitude lower (p = 0.001), and F1 time slower (p = 0.034) in FoG. At on-medication, F3 magnitude was still significantly lower (p = 0.017), and F2 time was slower (p = 0.037) in FoG. This study reveals that FoG significantly affects vGRF, particularly F3 magnitude during the push-off phase. Analyzing vGRF is crucial for understanding and managing FoG, allowing for more targeted interventions to improve FoG outcomes.

垂直地面反作用力（vGRF）是解释体重负荷模式的主要运动步态分析方法。本研究的主要目的是了解帕金森病（PD）患者步态冻结（FoG）对 vGRF 的影响。研究还对 26 名帕金森病患者（其中 13 人患有 FoG）的步行数据集进行了二次分析，包括生物力学分析。考虑到vGRF曲线的正常模式，早期站立（F1）和晚期站立（F3）时的峰值以及中期站立（F2）时的斜率被用来表示运动力的变化。FoG 参与者在中段站立时表现出更高的 vGRF，F2 幅值（p = 0.003），而垂直推进力较弱；F3 幅值（p < 0.001）。这与体重接受延迟（F1 时间）（p = 0.019）和中段站立峰值（F2 时间）（p = 0.004）相吻合。在非药物治疗时，FoG 的 F2 幅值明显更高（p = 0.006），F3 幅值更低（p = 0.001），F1 时间更慢（p = 0.034）。在用药时，FoG 的 F3 幅值仍然明显较低（p = 0.017），F2 时间较慢（p = 0.037）。本研究揭示了 FoG 对 vGRF 的显著影响，尤其是在推离阶段的 F3 幅值。分析 vGRF 对了解和管理 FoG 至关重要，可以采取更有针对性的干预措施来改善 FoG 的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Synergy in motion: Exploring the similarity and variability of muscle synergy patterns in healthy individuals 运动中的协同作用：探索健康人肌肉协同模式的相似性和可变性。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103300

Luying Feng , Linfan Yu , Hui Lyu , Canjun Yang , Xiaoguang Liu , Congcong Zhou , Wei Yang

Background

Recent studies suggest that muscle synergy patterns can be a guide for diagnosis and rehabilitation.

Research question

Does human's lower limb synergy pattern significantly change with changes in walking speed? Are there large differences in synergy patterns among different healthy individuals?

Methods

22 healthy subjects from an open-source datasets were included. Non-negative matrix factorization was applied to identify the module composition of surface electromyography(sEMG) data, and the similarity index was adopted to quantify the overall similarity between synergy patterns.

Results

Results demonstrated that healthy individuals have their own intrinsic muscle recruitment and coordination characteristics for locomotion at various speeds, additionally, their synergy patterns exhibit predictability under speed variations.

Significance

This study develop reference synergy patterns for the lower limbs across 28 different walking speeds. The developed synergy patterns and the above findings may guide the study of gait synergy in rehabilitation and assistance.

背景：最新研究表明，肌肉协同模式可作为诊断和康复的指导：研究问题：人的下肢协同模式会随着步行速度的变化而发生显著变化吗？不同健康人的肌肉协同模式是否存在较大差异？应用非负矩阵因式分解法识别表面肌电图（sEMG）数据的模块组成，并采用相似性指数量化协同模式之间的总体相似性：结果表明，健康人在不同速度下的运动有其内在的肌肉募集和协调特征，此外，他们的协同模式在速度变化下表现出可预测性：本研究开发了 28 种不同步行速度下的下肢参考协同模式。意义：本研究为 28 种不同步行速度的下肢制定了参考协同模式，所制定的协同模式和上述发现可为康复和辅助中的步态协同研究提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Concentric exercise-induced fatigue of the shoulder impairs proprioception but not motor control or performance in healthy young adults 同心运动引起的肩部疲劳会损害健康年轻人的本体感觉，但不会影响运动控制或表现。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103299

Stelios Hadjisavvas , Michalis A. Efstathiou , Irene-Chrysovalanto Themistocleous , Paraskevi Malliou , Christoforos D. Giannaki , Manos Stefanakis

Objectives

To investigate the effect of concentric fatigue on proprioception, motor control and performance of the shoulder in healthy young adults.

Design

Test-retest experimental design.

Setting

Human performance laboratory.

Participants

20 healthy adults.

Main outcome meausure(s)

Proprioception was assessed using the joint repositioning sense (JRS) and the threshold to detection of passive movement (TTDPM). Motor control was assessed using the Y-balance Upper Quarter test (YBT-UQ) and performance using the Athletic Shoulder test (ASH test). All tests were conducted before and immediately after fatigue intervention (CON/CON protocol).

Results

Following fatigue, absolute angular error (AAE) was significantly increase by 160.27 %. Moreover, there was a significant increase (48.41 %) in TTDPM after fatigue. Furthermore there was no significant differences in motor control and performance before and after fatigue intervention.

Conclusions

Since muscular fatigue negatively affects shoulder proprioception, it is essential to assess proprioception before and after fatigue to detect any dysfunctions that may arise as a result of fatigue. To address these dysfunctions, it is recommended to engage in proprioceptive exercises under situations of fatigue in order to enhance the sensitivity of the mechanoreceptors.

目的：研究同心疲劳对健康青壮年本体感觉、运动控制和肩部表现的影响：研究同心疲劳对健康年轻人肩部本体感觉、运动控制和表现的影响：设计：重复测试实验设计：参与者：20 名健康成年人：用关节复位感（JRS）和被动运动检测阈值（TTDPM）评估运动感觉。运动控制能力通过Y型平衡上四分之一测试（YBT-UQ）进行评估，运动能力则通过运动肩测试（ASH测试）进行评估。所有测试均在疲劳干预之前和之后立即进行（CON/CON 方案）：结果：疲劳后，绝对角度误差（AAE）显著增加了 160.27%。此外，疲劳后 TTDPM 也明显增加（48.41%）。此外，疲劳干预前后的运动控制和表现没有明显差异：由于肌肉疲劳会对肩部本体感觉产生负面影响，因此有必要在疲劳前后对本体感觉进行评估，以发现疲劳可能导致的任何功能障碍。为了解决这些功能障碍，建议在疲劳状态下进行本体感觉练习，以提高机械感受器的灵敏度。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of exercise-induced hamstrings fatigue on proprioceptive reweighting strategies and postural performance in bipedal stance in recreational athletes 运动引起的腿筋疲劳对休闲运动员本体感觉重配策略和双足站立姿势表现的影响。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103298

Telma Sagnard , Brice Picot , Nicolas Forestier

Objective

An optimal proprioceptive reweighting strategy is necessary to maintain posture. A suboptimal strategy was associated with injury determinants and whether the strategy can be modified is unknown. Muscle fatigue can be used to investigate proprioceptive reweighting. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of local fatigue on proprioceptive reweighting strategies and postural stability as well as relationships between fatigue and these postural parameters.

Design

Fourteen recreational athletes were included. Relative proprioceptive weighting (RPW) was characterized according to the perturbation of the center of pressure (CoP) displacement generated by muscle vibration on a firm and foam surface. RPW evolution <95 % indicated that individuals were able to reweight proprioception from the ankle to lumbar signals according to the surface while evolution >105 % indicated that athletes maintained an ankle-steered strategy. Student's t-tests were used to compare RPW evolution, CoP velocity, and root mean square (RMS) before and after exercise-induced hamstring fatigue. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between fatigue variables, RPW evolution, and stability variables.

Results

Hamstring fatigue induced an ankle-steered strategy characterized by an increase in RPW evolution when the surface was changed (P = 0.002) and an increase in CoP velocity (P = 0.045) and CoP RMS (P = 0.005) on firm surface. None of the correlation coefficients testing the relationship between the parameters proved to be significant.

Conclusion

Local fatigue leads to suboptimal proprioceptive reweighting strategies and impaired stability on firm surface. Results suggests that proprioceptive reweighting strategies are modifiable. Whether this predisposes participants to injury remains to be defined.

目的：维持姿势需要最佳的本体感觉再平衡策略。次优策略与受伤的决定因素有关，而该策略是否可以改变还不得而知。肌肉疲劳可用于研究本体感觉重新配重。本研究旨在评估局部疲劳对本体感觉重新配重策略和姿势稳定性的影响，以及疲劳与这些姿势参数之间的关系：设计：研究对象包括 14 名休闲运动员。根据肌肉振动在坚硬泡沫表面产生的压力中心（CoP）位移扰动，对相对本体感觉配重（RPW）进行表征。RPW 演变为 105% 表明运动员保持了以脚踝为中心的策略。在运动引起腿筋疲劳前后，采用学生 t 检验比较 RPW 变化、CoP 速度和均方根（RMS）。斯皮尔曼等级相关系数用于检验疲劳变量、RPW变化和稳定性变量之间的关系：结果：腘绳肌疲劳诱发了以脚踝为中心的策略，其特点是当表面发生变化时，RPW 演变增加（P = 0.002），在坚硬表面上，CoP 速度（P = 0.045）和 CoP RMS（P = 0.005）增加。测试参数之间关系的相关系数均不显著：结论：局部疲劳会导致本体感觉配重策略达不到最佳水平，并损害在坚硬表面上的稳定性。结果表明，本体感觉配重策略是可以改变的。这是否会导致参与者受伤仍有待确定。

{"title":"Influence of exercise-induced hamstrings fatigue on proprioceptive reweighting strategies and postural performance in bipedal stance in recreational athletes","authors":"Telma Sagnard , Brice Picot , Nicolas Forestier","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>An optimal proprioceptive reweighting strategy is necessary to maintain posture. A suboptimal strategy was associated with injury determinants and whether the strategy can be modified is unknown. Muscle fatigue can be used to investigate proprioceptive reweighting. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of local fatigue on proprioceptive reweighting strategies and postural stability as well as relationships between fatigue and these postural parameters<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Fourteen recreational athletes were included. Relative proprioceptive weighting (RPW) was characterized according to the perturbation of the center of pressure (CoP) displacement generated by muscle vibration on a firm and foam surface. RPW evolution <95 % indicated that individuals were able to reweight proprioception from the ankle to lumbar signals according to the surface while evolution >105 % indicated that athletes maintained an ankle-steered strategy. Student's <em>t</em>-tests were used to compare RPW evolution, CoP velocity, and root mean square (RMS) before and after exercise-induced hamstring fatigue. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between fatigue variables, RPW evolution, and stability variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hamstring fatigue induced an ankle-steered strategy characterized by an increase in RPW evolution when the surface was changed (<em>P</em> = 0.002) and an increase in CoP velocity (<em>P</em> = 0.045) and CoP RMS (<em>P</em> = 0.005) on firm surface. None of the correlation coefficients testing the relationship between the parameters proved to be significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Local fatigue leads to suboptimal proprioceptive reweighting strategies and impaired stability on firm surface. Results suggests that proprioceptive reweighting strategies are modifiable. Whether this predisposes participants to injury remains to be defined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domain-specific balance training reduces slip-related fall risk in young adults: A potential alternative to perturbation training 针对特定领域的平衡训练可降低年轻人因滑倒而跌倒的风险：扰动训练的潜在替代方案

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103294

Jessica Pitts, Tanvi Bhatt

Background

External, environmental perturbations (e.g., slips) account for >60% of falls and lead to severe health-related consequences. Perturbation training paradigms are known to reduce slip-related fall risk by improving two key aspects of reactive balance control: center of mass (COM) stability and limb support. However, perturbation training requires complex technology and is difficult to implement outside of the laboratory. This study examined if key reactive balance mechanisms could also be improved via more clinically translatable balance exercises targeting both volitional and reactive balance control (i.e., domain-specific balance training).

Methods

12 young adults completed a single session of domain-specific balance training and were exposed to a single overground slip (S1-Domain-Specific). The control group (n = 12) was exposed to 24 overground slips (S1–24-Control) without prior training. On the first (novel) slip, we compared reactive balance performance (rate of falls and loss of balance, margin of stability (MOS), limb support) between the training and control groups (S1-Domain-Specific vs. S1-Control). We also compared key reactive balance outcomes between S1-Domain-Specific and the final slip of the control group (S24-Control).

Results

There was a lower rate of backward loss of balance on S1-Domain-Specific than S1-Control, along with higher post-slip MOS and increased hip height (i.e., greater limb support) (p < 0.05). These improvements were associated with a more anterior COM position, greater COM velocity in the anterior direction, and reduced slip distance. Post-slip MOS and hip height were not significantly different between S1-Domain-Specific and S24-Control.

Discussion

A single session of domain-specific balance training improved key components of reactive balance control and could significantly reduce slip-related fall risk. Domain-specific balance training might provide similar fall prevention benefits as perturbation training, with easier transition into clinics, communities, and homes.

背景外部环境干扰（如滑倒）占跌倒的 60%，并导致严重的健康相关后果。众所周知，扰动训练范例可以通过改善反应性平衡控制的两个关键方面（质心（COM）稳定性和肢体支撑）来降低与滑倒相关的跌倒风险。然而，扰动训练需要复杂的技术，很难在实验室外实施。本研究探讨了关键的反应性平衡机制是否也可以通过针对意志性和反应性平衡控制的更具临床可转化性的平衡训练（即特定领域平衡训练）来改善。方法 12 名年轻成人完成了一次特定领域平衡训练，并暴露于一次地面滑倒（S1-特定领域）。对照组（n = 12）在未接受训练的情况下接受 24 次地面滑行（S1-24-对照组）。在第一次（新颖的）滑倒时，我们比较了训练组和对照组（S1-特定领域组与 S1-对照组）的反应平衡能力（跌倒率和失去平衡率、稳定幅度 (MOS)、肢体支撑力）。我们还比较了 S1-特定领域组和对照组（S24-对照组）最后滑倒时的主要反应平衡结果。结果S1-特定领域组的向后失去平衡率低于 S1-对照组，同时滑倒后的 MOS 较高，臀部高度增加（即肢体支撑力增强）（p < 0.05）。这些改善与更靠前的 COM 位置、更大的 COM 前向速度和更小的滑移距离有关。滑倒后的 MOS 和臀部高度在 S1-特定领域和 S24-控制之间没有显著差异。特定领域平衡训练可提供与扰动训练类似的预防跌倒益处，而且更容易过渡到诊所、社区和家庭。

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引用次数: 0

Immediate effects of different feedback methods on running jump height and motion improvement in male college basketball players 不同反馈方法对男子大学生篮球运动员跑步跳高和动作改进的即时影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103293

Nobuteru Soda , Shin Takayama , Yohei Shimokochi

The study aimed to assess the validity and accuracy of estimating running jump (RJ) height using the high-speed camera of a smartphone and to evaluate the effectiveness of oral and visual feedback via a smartphone in enhancing RJ movements and height in skilled athletes. Twenty male college basketball players were randomly assigned to either the Oral Feedback (OF) or Oral and Visual Feedback (OVF) group. Initially, participants performed RJs on force plates while being recorded with an iPhone (240 fps). Jump heights were estimated using the video, force plate data, and position data from pelvic markers (JH_iPhone, JH_FP, and JH_RM, respectively). Subsequently, each group received tailored feedback based on the RJ video. After feedback, participants performed RJs again, and jump heights were re-estimated. The JH_iPhone measurements were systematically higher but showed acceptable random errors compared to JH_RM, with excellent reproducibility and strong positive correlations with JH_FP and JH_RM. Only the OVF group showed significant improvements in jump height post-feedback. Our results indicate that JH_iPhone is a valuable and accurate tool for sports settings. Additionally, the results demonstrated that visual feedback using a smartphone is effective and should complement oral feedback to enhance RJ jump height in real sports settings.

该研究旨在评估使用智能手机的高速摄像头估算跑跳（RJ）高度的有效性和准确性，并评估通过智能手机提供的口头和视觉反馈在增强熟练运动员的 RJ 动作和高度方面的有效性。20 名男子大学生篮球运动员被随机分配到口头反馈（OF）组或口头和视觉反馈（OVF）组。最初，参与者在力板上进行 RJ，同时用 iPhone 进行录像（240 帧/秒）。通过视频、力板数据和骨盆标记的位置数据（分别为 JHiPhone、JHFP 和 JHRM）估算跳跃高度。随后，每个小组都收到了根据 RJ 视频量身定制的反馈。反馈后，参与者再次进行 RJ，并重新估算跳跃高度。与 JHRM 相比，JHiPhone 的测量结果系统性更高，但随机误差可接受，重现性极佳，与 JHFP 和 JHRM 呈强正相关。只有 OVF 组在反馈后的跳跃高度上有明显改善。我们的研究结果表明，JHiPhone 是一种适用于运动环境的宝贵而准确的工具。此外，结果还表明，使用智能手机进行视觉反馈是有效的，应与口头反馈相辅相成，以提高真实运动环境中的 RJ 跳高。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence of invariant lower-limb kinematics in anticipation of ground contact during drop-landing and drop-jumping 落体着陆和落体跳跃过程中预期接触地面时下肢运动学不变的证据。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103297

Romain Bechet , Romain Tisserand , Laetitia Fradet , Floren Colloud

Gravity is a ubiquitous external force that must be considered when producing coordinated movements. Drop-landing is a popular task to study how humans cope with gravity, because anticipatory muscle activations can be released before the estimated ground contact. But the consequences of these anticipatory muscle activations have only been interpreted in terms of stiffening the lower-limbs in preparation for ground contact, without considering potential anticipatory kinematic consequences. The objective of this study is to quantify the kinematic consequences of anticipatory muscle activations in two different landing tasks, to clarify whether anticipatory muscle activations are adapted to cope with gravity, to the dynamic constraints of the movement to perform, or both.

Twenty young athletes performed drop-landing and drop-jumping from a 35 cm elevated platform. Sagittal angles and angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and acceleration of the foot were computed, as well as the onset of joint flexions and onset of foot vertical acceleration change.

We found the same pattern of anticipatory hip and knee flexion, both starting before ground contact in all participants and in both tasks. We found no anticipatory kinematics for the ankle joint. Consecutive to the hip and knee flexion, the foot accelerated upwards before ground contact.

Our results show that anticipatory muscle activations used by humans have systematic and invariant kinematic consequences during the air-time phase to cope with gravity: they initiate the hip and knee joints flexion before ground contact. This strategy likely limits the amount of ground reaction forces developed to oppose the gravity external force, and completes the stiffening role already described in the literature. These two complementary consequences —rotation and stiffening— seem to serve the same purpose of protecting the skeletal system. Since gravity is ubiquitous, these automated movements must be considered in other movements involving landing phases, such as heel strikes during gait.

重力是一种无处不在的外力，在做出协调动作时必须加以考虑。在研究人类如何应对重力时，"落地 "是一项很受欢迎的任务，因为在预计的地面接触之前，可以释放预期的肌肉激活。但是，这些预知肌肉激活的后果只被解释为在准备接触地面时下肢变硬，而没有考虑潜在的预知运动学后果。本研究的目的是量化两种不同着地任务中预期性肌肉激活的运动学后果，以明确预期性肌肉激活是为了应对重力，还是为了适应动作的动态限制，或者两者兼而有之。20 名年轻运动员从 35 厘米高的平台上进行了落体着陆和落体跳跃。我们计算了髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的矢状角、角速度和脚的加速度，以及关节屈曲的开始时间和脚垂直加速度变化的开始时间。我们发现，在所有参与者和两项任务中，髋关节和膝关节的预期屈曲模式相同，都是在接触地面之前开始的。我们没有发现踝关节的预期运动学特征。在髋关节和膝关节屈曲的同时，脚在接触地面前向上加速。我们的研究结果表明，在空中时间阶段，人类使用的预测性肌肉激活具有系统性和不变性的运动学后果，以应对重力：它们在接触地面之前启动髋关节和膝关节屈曲。这一策略可能会限制为对抗重力外力而产生的地面反作用力的大小，并完成文献中已描述的僵化作用。这两个相辅相成的结果--旋转和硬化--似乎都是为了达到保护骨骼系统的目的。由于重力无处不在，在其他涉及着地阶段的运动中，如步态中的脚跟着地时，必须考虑这些自动运动。

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引用次数: 0

A temporal quantitative analysis of visuomotor behavior during four twisting somersaults in elite and sub-elite trampolinists 对精英和次精英蹦床运动员在四个扭转筋斗中的视觉运动行为进行时间定量分析。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295

Eve Charbonneau , Mickaël Begon , Thomas Romeas

Vision has previously been correlated with performance in acrobatic sports, highlighting visuomotor expertise adaptations. However, we still poorly understand the visuomotor strategies athletes use while executing twisting somersaults, even though this knowledge might be helpful for skill development. Thus, the present study sought to identify the differences in gaze behavior between elite and sub-elite trampolinists during the execution of four acrobatics of increasing difficulty. Seventeen inertial measurement units and a wearable eye-tracker were used to record the body and gaze kinematics of 17 trampolinists (8 elites, 9 sub-elites). Six typical metrics were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Expertise as inter-subject and the Acrobatics as intra-subject factors. To complement this analysis, advanced temporal eye-tracking metrics are reported, such as the dwell time on areas of interest, the scan path on the trampoline bed, the temporal evolution of the gaze orientation endpoint (SPGO), and the time spent executing specific neck and eye strategies. A significant main effect of Expertise was only evidenced in one of the typical metrics, where elite athletes exhibited a higher number of fixations compared to sub-elites (p = 0.033). Significant main effects of Acrobatics were observed on all metrics (p < 0.05), revealing that gaze strategies are task-dependent in trampolining. The recordings of eyes and neck movements performed in this study confirmed the use of “spotting” at the beginning and end of the acrobatics. They also revealed a unique sport-specific visual strategy that we termed as self-motion detection. This strategy consists of not moving the eyes during fast head rotations, a strategy mainly used by trampolinists during the twisting phase. This study proposes a detailed exploration of trampolinists' gaze behavior in highly realistic settings and a temporal description of the visuomotor strategies to enhance understanding of perception-action interactions during the execution of twisting somersaults.

视觉以前曾与杂技运动中的表现相关联，突显了视觉运动专业知识的适应性。然而，我们对运动员在执行扭转筋斗时使用的视觉运动策略仍然知之甚少，尽管这些知识可能有助于技能的发展。因此，本研究试图找出精英蹦床运动员和次精英蹦床运动员在执行四个难度递增的杂技动作时的注视行为差异。研究人员使用 17 个惯性测量单元和一个可穿戴眼动追踪器记录了 17 名蹦床运动员（8 名精英，9 名亚精英）的身体和目光运动学数据。采用混合方差分析（ANOVA）对六项典型指标进行了分析，其中 "专业技能 "为受试者间因素，"杂技 "为受试者内因素。为补充这一分析，还报告了先进的时间眼动追踪指标，如在感兴趣区域的停留时间、在蹦床上的扫描路径、注视方向终点（SPGO）的时间演变以及执行特定颈部和眼动策略所花费的时间。只有在其中一项典型指标中，"专长 "产生了明显的主效应，即精英运动员的固定次数高于亚精英运动员（p = 0.033）。杂技在所有指标上都有显著的主效应（p

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引用次数: 0

Determining the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 确定注意力缺陷/多动症儿童学习运动技能的最佳挑战点。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296

Mohammad Tollabi , Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni , Elahe Arabameri , Mehdi Shahbazi , Keith R. Lohse

The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety-six 9- to 10-year-old children, including 48 children with ADHD and 48 neurotypical children, were randomly assigned to one of four practice groups with varying levels of nominal and functional task difficulty. They performed 63 trials of a dart throwing task in the acquisition phase and 18 trials in the retention and transfer tests a day later. The results showed that neurotypical children outperformed children with ADHD in all phases of the study. Both groups improved in the acquisition phase and performed better in the retention and transfer tests. Interestingly, low nominal task difficulty was associated with better learning for both groups, despite lower average performance for children with ADHD. Thus, despite their performance differences, we did not find a difference in the effective challenge point between children with ADHD and their neurotypical peers.

本研究的目的是调查注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）儿童和非注意力缺陷/多动症儿童学习运动技能的最佳挑战点。96名9至10岁的儿童（包括48名多动症儿童和48名神经畸形儿童）被随机分配到名义和功能任务难度不同的四个练习组中的一个。他们在习得阶段进行了 63 次投掷飞镖任务的练习，并在一天后进行了 18 次保持和迁移测试。结果表明，神经畸形儿童在研究的所有阶段都优于多动症儿童。两组儿童在习得阶段都有进步，在保持和迁移测试中表现更好。有趣的是，尽管多动症儿童的平均成绩较低，但名义任务难度较低与两组儿童的学习成绩均较好有关。因此，尽管多动症儿童与神经正常儿童在成绩上存在差异，但我们并未发现他们在有效挑战点上存在差异。

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引用次数: 0