Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children overweight in Japan in 2020

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pediatric Obesity Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI:10.1111/ijpo.13128

Tomoki Kawahara, Satomi Kato Doi, Aya Isumi, Yusuke Matsuyama, Yukako Tani, Takeo Fujiwara

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the association between the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and overweight incidence among preadolescent elementary school children in Japan.

Methods

A population-based longitudinal study was conducted in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, using data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study. The control group (2016–2018) comprised 434 children, and the COVID-19 exposure group (2018–2020) included 3500 children. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) z-score of 1 SD or more according to the World Health Organization standards. The study design involved comparing BMI z-scores before and after exposure to the pandemic, considering the associated lifestyle changes and potential consequences on physical activity, parental employment status and income.

Results

By 6th grade, the prevalence of overweight increased from 17.7% to 19.2% in the control group and 22.5% to 29.5% in the COVID-19 exposure group. Difference-in-differences analysis revealed that children's exposure to COVID-19 significantly increased BMI z-scores (coefficient 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.29) and a higher odds ratio of overweight (odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.12–5.62), even after adjusting for time-varying covariates.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increased prevalence of overweight among elementary school children in Japan.

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COVID-19 大流行对 2020 年日本超重儿童的影响。

研究目的本研究旨在探讨冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行与日本青春期前小学生超重发生率之间的关联：在日本东京足立市开展了一项基于人群的纵向研究，使用的数据来自足立市儿童生活困难对健康的影响（A-CHILD）研究。对照组（2016-2018年）包括434名儿童，COVID-19暴露组（2018-2020年）包括3500名儿童。根据世界卫生组织的标准，超重定义为体重指数（BMI）z-score达到或超过1 SD。研究设计包括比较接触大流行病前后的体重指数 z 值，同时考虑到相关生活方式的改变以及对体育锻炼、父母就业状况和收入的潜在影响：到六年级时，对照组的超重率从 17.7% 上升到 19.2%，而 COVID-19 暴露组的超重率从 22.5% 上升到 29.5%。差异分析显示，即使在调整了随时间变化的协变量后，儿童接触 COVID-19 也会显著增加体重指数 z 值（系数为 0.22，95% 置信区间（CI）为 0.14-0.29）和更高的超重几率（几率比为 2.51，95% CI 为 1.12-5.62）：结论：COVID-19 大流行与日本小学生超重率增加有关。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Obesity PEDIATRICS-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.30%

发文量

117

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Pediatric Obesity is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal devoted to research into obesity during childhood and adolescence. The topic is currently at the centre of intense interest in the scientific community, and is of increasing concern to health policy-makers and the public at large. Pediatric Obesity has established itself as the leading journal for high quality papers in this field, including, but not limited to, the following: Genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of obesity – basic, applied and clinical studies relating to mechanisms of the development of obesity throughout the life course and the consequent effects of obesity on health outcomes Metabolic consequences of child and adolescent obesity Epidemiological and population-based studies of child and adolescent overweight and obesity Measurement and diagnostic issues in assessing child and adolescent adiposity, physical activity and nutrition Clinical management of children and adolescents with obesity including studies of treatment and prevention Co-morbidities linked to child and adolescent obesity – mechanisms, assessment, and treatment Life-cycle factors eg familial, intrauterine and developmental aspects of child and adolescent obesity Nutrition security and the "double burden" of obesity and malnutrition Health promotion strategies around the issues of obesity, nutrition and physical activity in children and adolescents Community and public health measures to prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.