Genotypic diversity, virulence, and molecular genetic tools in Histoplasma.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00076-23
Victoria E Sepúlveda, William E Goldman, Daniel R Matute
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Abstract

SUMMARYHistoplasmosis is arguably the most common fungal respiratory infection worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of new infections occurring annually in the United States alone. The infection can progress in the lung or disseminate to visceral organs and can be difficult to treat with antifungal drugs. Histoplasma, the causative agent of the disease, is a pathogenic fungus that causes life-threatening lung infections and is globally distributed. The fungus has the ability to germinate from conidia into either hyphal (mold) or yeast form, depending on the environmental temperature. This transition also regulates virulence. Histoplasma and histoplasmosis have been classified as being of emergent importance, and in 2022, the World Health Organization included Histoplasma as 1 of the 19 most concerning human fungal pathogens. In this review, we synthesize the current understanding of the ecological niche, evolutionary history, and virulence strategies of Histoplasma. We also describe general patterns of the symptomatology and epidemiology of histoplasmosis. We underscore areas where research is sorely needed and highlight research avenues that have been productive.

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组织胞浆菌的基因型多样性、毒力和分子遗传工具。
摘要弓形虫病可以说是全球最常见的真菌呼吸道感染,仅在美国每年就有数十万新发感染病例。这种感染可以在肺部发展,也可以扩散到内脏器官,而且很难通过抗真菌药物治疗。组织胞浆菌是该病的病原体,是一种致病真菌,可导致危及生命的肺部感染,分布于全球各地。根据环境温度的不同,这种真菌能够从分生孢子萌发成芽胞(霉菌)或酵母形态。这种转变还能调节毒力。组织胞浆菌和组织胞浆菌病已被列为具有紧急重要性的疾病,2022 年,世界卫生组织将组织胞浆菌列为 19 种最令人担忧的人类真菌病原体之一。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对组织胞浆菌的生态位、进化史和毒力策略的认识。我们还描述了组织胞浆菌病症状学和流行病学的一般模式。我们强调了亟需研究的领域,并重点介绍了富有成效的研究途径。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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