Effects of biochar versus film mulching on soil hydrothermal properties and wheat crop performance in semi-arid loess

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE European Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI:10.1111/ejss.13497
Huan Wang, Jun Fan, Ming'an Shao, Xi Wang, Jia Wang, Mingde Hao
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Abstract

Film mulching and biochar have been applied as effective measures for increasing crop yields in arid and semi-arid areas for many years. However, the effects of the temporal and spatial distributions of soil hydrothermal properties on crop yields are still unclear under film mulching and biochar addition. Thus, we conducted a field experiment with winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China for two years (2020–2022) with three treatments: control, film mulching, and biochar. The results demonstrated that film mulching and biochar addition increased the average soil temperature in the 0–50 cm soil depth throughout the whole growth period and the influence depth exceeded 50 cm. Biochar addition only significantly increased soil temperature in the overwintering stage (p < 0.05). Film mulching increased the maximum and minimum temperatures in the 0–50 cm soil depth at seedling stage. Film mulching and biochar increased average ≥10°C accumulated soil temperature by increasing the ≥10°C accumulated soil temperature in the daytime and nighttime, and the number of days with a daily soil temperature ≥10°C during the whole growth period. Film mulching improved soil water storage in the 0–300 cm soil depth in each growth stage during both years, and also increased the wheat grain yield, aboveground biomass, and water use efficiency. Biochar addition increased the wheat grain yield and aboveground biomass of two years compared with control, but the increases were not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, correlation analysis showed that adequate temperatures in the 0–50 cm soil depth during the seedling and overwintering stages, and suitable soil moisture conditions in the 0–300 cm soil depth before sowing, jointing, and filling stages were important factors for increasing wheat grain yields under film mulching. In summary, film mulching mainly regulated the soil temperature in the 0–50 cm soil depth and moisture conditions in the 0–300 cm soil depth during different growth stages to increase grain yields. Film mulching has more obvious effects on moisture regulation, temperature regulation, and yield increases than biochar addition. Some environmentally friendly measures (such as conservation agriculture) with the same yield improving effect as mulching are also recommended to explore and promote in theLoess Plateau region.

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生物炭与薄膜覆盖对半干旱黄土地区土壤水热性质和小麦作物生长性能的影响
多年来,薄膜覆盖和生物炭一直是干旱和半干旱地区提高作物产量的有效措施。然而,在覆膜和添加生物炭的情况下,土壤水热性质的时空分布对作物产量的影响仍不清楚。因此,我们在中国黄土高原进行了为期两年(2020-2022 年)的冬小麦田间试验,试验分为对照、薄膜覆盖和生物炭三种处理。结果表明,地膜覆盖和生物炭添加在整个生长期都提高了 0-50 厘米土层深度的平均土壤温度,影响深度超过 50 厘米。添加生物炭仅能显著提高越冬期的土壤温度(p < 0.05)。薄膜覆盖提高了苗期 0-50 厘米土壤深度的最高和最低温度。地膜覆盖和生物炭提高了昼夜≥10°C 的平均累积土温,增加了整个生长期日土壤温度≥10°C 的天数。地膜覆盖改善了两年中各生长阶段 0-300 厘米土层深度的土壤储水量,还提高了小麦籽粒产量、地上生物量和水分利用效率。与对照组相比,添加生物炭提高了两年的小麦籽粒产量和地上生物量,但增幅不显著(p > 0.05)。此外,相关分析表明,苗期和越冬期 0-50 厘米土层深度内充足的温度,以及播种、拔节和灌浆期前 0-300 厘米土层深度内适宜的土壤水分条件是地膜覆盖下小麦籽粒增产的重要因素。总之,地膜覆盖主要调节小麦不同生长阶段 0-50 厘米土层深度的土壤温度和 0-300 厘米土层深度的水分条件,从而提高粮食产量。与添加生物炭相比,薄膜覆盖在水分调节、温度调节和增产方面的效果更为明显。建议在黄土高原地区探索和推广一些与地膜覆盖具有同样增产效果的环境友好型措施(如保护性农业)。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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