Field monitoring and modelling of sediment transport, hydraulics and hydroabrasion at Sediment Bypass Tunnels

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Journal of Hydro-environment Research Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.jher.2024.05.002
Ismail Albayrak , Romeo Arnold , Dila Demiral , Mohammadreza Maddahi , Robert M. Boes
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Abstract

Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) are proven to be an effective measure to reduce or even stop reservoir sedimentation by bypassing sediment laden flows around reservoir dams to the downstream river reach. They are mostly used in Switzerland, Japan, and Taiwan. However, hydraulic and sedimentological operating conditions and the resistance of the invert materials against hydroabrasive erosion affect their cost-effectiveness. Hydroabrasion is a pressing issue at SBTs, other hydraulic structures and steep bedrock rivers exposed to high sediment transport rates under supercritical flow conditions. The present study was therefore conducted to address this issue by aiming at improving knowledge on abrasion mechanics and calibrating a mechanistic saltation abrasion model enhanced by Demiral-Yüzügüllü (2021). To this end, the abrasion resistance of fourteen different invert materials installed at Solis, Pfaffensprung and Runcahez SBTs in Switzerland was quantified by annual 3D laser scanning and the hydraulic conditions and sediment transport rates were regularly monitored between 2017 and 2021. The analysis of invert scans and hydraulic conditions revealed that Prandtl’s first and second kinds of secondary currents occurring in the bends and straight sections of the SBTs, respectively, and the observed abrasion patterns were strongly interrelated. The tested potassium aluminate cement and steel fibre concretes, granite, cast basalt and steel plates had better abrasion resistance against impact of sediment-laden flows compared to other materials. Sediment mineralogical composition i.e., bulk hardness relative to the invert material properties significantly affected hydroabrasion. The enhanced abrasion prediction model was calibrated with the present data and a quasi-constant abrasion coefficient of kv = (4.8 ± 2.2) × 104 was obtained. The enhanced model is well-suited for both laboratory and field scales. The present findings will contribute to the sustainable utilization and operational safety of hydraulic structures, optimization of SBT and reservoir operations regarding bypassing efficiency and reservoir lifetime and modelling of bedrock river erosion.

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沉积物旁路隧道沉积物迁移、水力学和水力侵蚀的实地监测与建模
沉积物旁路隧道(SBT)通过将水库大坝周围的沉积物水流旁路至下游河段,被证明是减少甚至阻止水库沉积的有效措施。它们主要用于瑞士、日本和台湾。然而,水力和沉积物的运行条件以及反向材料对水力侵蚀的抵抗力都会影响其成本效益。在超临界水流条件下,水力侵蚀是 SBT、其他水力结构和陡峭基岩河流面临的一个紧迫问题。因此,为了解决这一问题,我们开展了本项研究,旨在提高对磨损力学的认识,并校准一个由......和......增强的力学盐化磨损模型。为此,在 2017 年至 2021 年期间,通过每年的三维激光扫描,对安装在瑞士索利斯、普法芬斯普隆和伦卡赫斯地下水自动监测站的 14 种不同反向材料的耐磨性进行了量化,并对水力条件和沉积物迁移率进行了定期监测。对反向扫描和水力条件的分析表明,SBT 弯道和直道段分别出现的普朗特第一和第二种次生流与观测到的磨损模式密切相关。与其他材料相比,经测试的铝酸钾水泥和钢纤维混凝土、花岗岩、玄武岩铸件和钢板在含泥沙水流的冲击下具有更好的耐磨性。沉积物矿物成分(即相对于反向材料特性的体积硬度)对水力磨损有显著影响。根据目前的数据对增强型磨损预测模型进行了校准,得到的准恒定磨损系数为 = (4.8 ± 2.2) × 10。增强型模型非常适合实验室和现场规模。本研究结果将有助于水力结构的可持续利用和运行安全、SBT 和水库运行的旁路效率和水库寿命的优化以及基岩河流侵蚀的建模。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydro-environment Research
Journal of Hydro-environment Research ENGINEERING, CIVIL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
审稿时长
98 days
期刊介绍: The journal aims to provide an international platform for the dissemination of research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems in the Asia-Pacific region. The journal provides a wide distribution at affordable subscription rate, as well as a rapid reviewing and publication time. The journal particularly encourages papers from young researchers. Papers that require extensive language editing, qualify for editorial assistance with American Journal Experts, a Language Editing Company that Elsevier recommends. Authors submitting to this journal are entitled to a 10% discount.
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