Journal of Hydro-environment Research最新文献

Quantify uncertainty of meta-heuristic algorithms in optimal reservoir operation 水库优化调度中元启发式算法的不确定性量化

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2026.100696

Mohsen Saroughi , Hamed Nozari

Reservoir systems serve as a prevalent mechanism for the control and management of water resources. Given the constraints of limited resources and the escalating demands for water, it is imperative that these systems are operated optimally to enhance the efficiency of water utilization. Despite advancements in addressing real-world challenges, classical optimization methods frequently fall short of delivering optimal solutions due to the structural complexity and the multitude of variables involved. As a result, there exists an urgent need for more effective and robust methodologies to address these challenges. Meta-heuristic algorithms, particularly those inspired by biological evolution and referred to as evolutionary computation, represent reliable and straightforward approaches for tackling complex optimization problems, positioning themselves as viable alternatives to traditional optimization techniques. Evolutionary computation can be classified into two primary categories: evolution strategies and swarm intelligence. While meta-heuristic algorithms based on swarm intelligence are characterized as multi-agent systems that emulate individual behaviors, those grounded in evolution strategies employ adaptive search mechanisms derived from evolutionary processes. This research aims to quantify the uncertainty associated with meta-heuristic algorithms and to evaluate their efficacy in the planning and management of water resources, specifically for the optimal operation of a single reservoir. The study assesses 101 evolutionary algorithms, categorized into eight groups, with a focus on their application in optimizing reservoir system operations to enhance efficiency. The case study centers on the Gheshlagh Reservoir located in Kurdistan, Iran. A comparative analysis of the performance of these algorithms revealed that the SHADE algorithm outperformed its counterparts, achieving a minimum objective function value of 9.59 × 10⁻¹⁰ and demonstrating superior computational speed. Notably, SHADE attained a demand deficit of zero million cubic meters for the reservoir, whereas the FOA algorithm recorded the highest deficit of 10.74 million cubic meters. Furthermore, DE class algorithms exhibited the highest overall performance in the operation of the Gheshlagh Reservoir, showcasing reduced computation times, enhanced robustness, and improved decision-making capabilities. The study underscores the significance of algorithmic structure and problem type in determining performance outcomes, recommending the adoption of SHADE or DE class algorithms for the formulation of operational policies in complex reservoir systems. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to introduce new or modified algorithms and offer guidance to administrators in selecting the most appropriate algorithm based on specific operational requirements.

水库系统是控制和管理水资源的普遍机制。由于资源有限和对水的需求不断增加，这些系统必须以最佳方式运作，以提高水的利用效率。尽管在解决现实挑战方面取得了进步，但由于结构复杂性和涉及的变量众多，传统的优化方法经常无法提供最优解决方案。因此，迫切需要更有效、更有力的方法来应对这些挑战。元启发式算法，特别是那些受生物进化启发并被称为进化计算的算法，代表了解决复杂优化问题的可靠和直接的方法，将自己定位为传统优化技术的可行替代方案。进化计算可以分为两大类：进化策略和群体智能。基于群体智能的元启发式算法的特点是模仿个体行为的多智能体系统，而基于进化策略的元启发式算法则采用源自进化过程的自适应搜索机制。本研究旨在量化与元启发式算法相关的不确定性，并评估其在水资源规划和管理中的有效性，特别是单个水库的最佳运行。该研究评估了101种进化算法，将其分为8类，重点关注它们在优化油藏系统操作以提高效率方面的应用。案例研究以位于伊朗库尔德斯坦的Gheshlagh水库为中心。通过对这些算法性能的对比分析表明，SHADE算法优于其他算法，实现了9.59 × 10−10的最小目标函数值，并且显示出更高的计算速度。值得注意的是，SHADE对水库的需求赤字为0万立方米，而FOA算法记录的赤字最高为1074万立方米。此外，DE类算法在Gheshlagh水库的运行中表现出最高的整体性能，减少了计算时间，增强了鲁棒性，提高了决策能力。该研究强调了算法结构和问题类型在确定性能结果方面的重要性，并建议采用SHADE或DE类算法来制定复杂油藏系统的操作政策。这些发现为寻求引入新的或修改的算法的研究人员提供了有价值的见解，并为管理员根据特定的操作要求选择最合适的算法提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Data and knowledge-driven model for flood peak runoff forecasting 洪峰径流预测的数据与知识驱动模型

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2026.100695

Haider Malik , Jun Feng , Pingping Shao , Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar

Accurate forecasting of flood runoff peaks during rainstorms remains challenging because prediction errors usually increase near flood thresholds and peak discharge. Most deep learning models learn patterns from data only and do not explicitly emphasize peak-critical errors during training. Therefore, we propose a data and knowledge-driven (DK-TCIT) model that integrates Time-Distributed Convolutional Neural Networks (TD-CNN) for local feature extraction, Informer with ProbSparse attention for global temporal dependencies, and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) for local–global sequence modeling. A key innovation is a knowledge-guided loss function that embeds expert knowledge of flood dynamics, assigning higher learning priority to the critical peak-flow region detected from observed flood thresholds. DK-TCIT was evaluated on two basins in China (ChangHua and TunXi) using a 12-hour input window to predict the next 6 h of runoff. Results show that DK-TCIT consistently outperformed ConvLSTM, CNN, SLSTM, TD-CNN-LSTM, STALSTM, Informer, and TCN across all metrics. In TunXi, it achieved RMSE reductions of 31–42% and NSE improvements of 26–41% compared with the best baseline model, while similar gains were obtained in the ChangHua basin. The proposed loss function also surpassed Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and standard Huber loss, with the largest gains observed around peak runoff conditions. These findings indicate that combining hybrid spatiotemporal learning with explicit peak-focused supervision improves short-term flood peak forecasting and provides a practical solution for flood hazard management applications.

准确预测暴雨期间的洪水径流峰值仍然具有挑战性，因为预测误差通常在洪水阈值和洪峰流量附近增加。大多数深度学习模型仅从数据中学习模式，并且在训练期间没有明确强调峰值临界错误。因此，我们提出了一种数据和知识驱动（DK-TCIT）模型，该模型集成了时间分布卷积神经网络（TD-CNN）用于局部特征提取，具有ProbSparse注意力的Informer用于全局时间依赖性，以及用于局部-全局序列建模的时间卷积网络（TCN）。一个关键的创新是一个知识导向的损失函数，它嵌入了洪水动力学的专家知识，为从观测到的洪水阈值检测到的关键峰流区域分配了更高的学习优先级。利用12小时输入窗口对中国两个流域（昌化和屯溪）的DK-TCIT进行了评价，预测了未来6小时的径流。结果表明，DK-TCIT在所有指标上均优于ConvLSTM、CNN、SLSTM、TD-CNN-LSTM、STALSTM、Informer和TCN。在屯溪，与最佳基线模型相比，RMSE降低了31-42%，NSE提高了26-41%，而在彰化盆地也获得了类似的收益。所提出的损失函数也超过了均方误差（MSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和标准Huber损失，在峰值径流条件下观察到最大的收益。这些结果表明，将混合时空学习与明确的以峰值为中心的监督相结合，可以提高短期洪峰预测，为洪水灾害管理应用提供了一种实用的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Morphodynamic modelling of a wave-driven river mouth sandspit in data-scarce coastal environments: an example at the Volta River Mouth, Ghana, West Africa 数据匮乏的沿海环境中波浪驱动河口沙粒的形态动力学建模：以西非加纳沃尔特河口为例

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2026.100694

Stephan K. Lawson , Janaka Bamunawala , Hitoshi Tanaka , Keiko Udo

The morphodynamic behaviour of river mouth sandspits, sustained by wave-driven longshore sediment transport, is governed by complex interactions between prevailing hydrodynamics and anthropogenic forcing. At many coastal environments, the lack of field-measured datasets, more often than not, hampers long-term morphodynamic investigations on river mouth sandspits, thus making them data-scarce locations. This study investigates the wave-dominated and micro-tidal Volta River mouth in Ghana using process-based Delft3D model simulations. The simulations of the river mouth’s unrestricted (natural) updrift spit state were undertaken using hydrodynamic data schematisation approaches and satellite-derived and global bathymetries. Model results showed that, among varying wave conditions, relatively higher wave heights (∼1.8–1.9 m) facilitate a narrow-width spit growth at a faster rate. Conversely, an elongating spit with a slower growth rate and a larger width was observed under relatively moderate wave heights (∼1.2–1.3 m). The results indicate that the growth rate of an unrestricted spit decreases with increasing width. These findings are important for understanding how unrestricted spit’s formation and morphodynamic evolution affect river mouths. Most importantly, the results can be related to morphodynamic feedback during spit breaching events, formation of intruded spits, narrowing or closure of river mouths, and inland flooding of surrounding estuarine and coastal communities.

河口沙坑的形态动力学行为是由波浪驱动的海岸沉积物输运所维持的，受主导水动力和人为强迫之间复杂的相互作用所控制。在许多沿海环境中，缺乏实地测量的数据集，往往会阻碍对河口沙沫的长期形态动力学调查，从而使它们成为数据稀缺的地方。本研究利用基于过程的Delft3D模型模拟研究了加纳沃尔塔河河口的波浪控制和微潮。利用水动力数据示意图方法和卫星导出的全球水深测量方法，对河口无限制（自然）上漂吐槽状态进行了模拟。模型结果表明，在不同的波浪条件下，相对较高的波高（~ 1.8-1.9 m）有助于以更快的速度生长窄宽度的吐槽。相反，在相对中等的波高（~ 1.2-1.3 m）下，观察到生长速度较慢且宽度较大的细长吐槽。结果表明，随宽度的增加，无限制熔滴的生长速率减小。这些发现对于理解不受限制的河口形成和形态动力学演化如何影响河口具有重要意义。最重要的是，这些结果可能与吐槽破裂事件中的形态动力学反馈、入侵吐槽的形成、河口变窄或关闭以及周围河口和沿海社区的内陆洪水有关。

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引用次数: 0

Hydro-abrasion processes and modelling at hydraulic structures and steep bedrock rivers: 2. Hydro-abrasion model development and application 水工建筑物和陡峭基岩河流的水磨过程和建模；水磨模型的开发与应用

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100690

Dila Demiral , Ismail Albayrak , Jens M. Turowski , Robert M. Boes

Hydro-abrasion is a process of wear resulting from the mechanical stress exerted by impacting particles in the flow on a riverbed or banks or on the invert of hydraulic structures. Hydro-abrasion models represent the mechanics of invert abrasion by bed load particles and allow to predict hydro-abrasion rates. The present study deals with the enhancement of the existing mechanistic saltation hydro-abrasion model by incorporating new equations for particle velocity, hop length, an exponential cover effect term, and two additional important terms accounting for particle hardness and saltation probability, respectively. We particularly focus on the effects of particle and bed lining material hardness, bed cover, and low aspect ratio on hydro-abrasion, which were not holistically investigated in previous studies. The non-dimensional hydro-abrasion coefficient k_v (also known as the rock resistance coefficient) in the enhanced model was calibrated using both experimental laboratory data and field measurements obtained from three Swiss Sediment Bypass Tunnels as part of our research project. A constant value of k_v = 4.8 ± 2.2 × 10⁴ was obtained for a range of different materials with less scattering compared to the coefficients reported in previous studies. The enhanced model demonstrated a good performance when validated with independent data from laboratory and field studies, indicating that the laboratory results can be upscaled to prototype conditions.

水磨是水流中冲击颗粒对河床、河岸或水工构筑物的倒拱施加机械应力而产生的磨损过程。水力磨损模型代表了床载颗粒的反向磨损力学，并允许预测水力磨损速率。本研究通过引入粒子速度、跳跃长度、指数覆盖效应项和分别代表颗粒硬度和跳跃概率的两个重要项的新方程，加强了现有的机械跳跃水力磨损模型。我们特别关注颗粒和床衬材料硬度、床罩和低纵横比对水磨损的影响，这些在以前的研究中没有得到全面的研究。增强模型中的无量纲水力磨损系数kv（也称为岩石阻力系数）使用实验实验室数据和从三个瑞士沉积物绕道隧道获得的现场测量数据进行校准，这是我们研究项目的一部分。在不同材料的散射系数范围内，得到了kv = 4.8±2.2 × 104的恒定值。通过实验室和现场研究的独立数据验证，增强模型表现出良好的性能，表明实验室结果可以扩展到原型条件。

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引用次数: 0

Hydro-abrasion processes and modelling at hydraulic structures and steep bedrock rivers: 1. Hydro-abrasion and cover effect 水工建筑物和陡峭基岩河流的水磨过程和建模：1。水磨和覆盖效果

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100691

Dila Demiral , Ismail Albayrak , Jens M. Turowski , Robert M. Boes

Hydro-abrasion refers to the gradual loss of material on the surface of a solid body, caused by mechanical stress, mainly from the impacts of sediment saltation in flowing water. Hydraulic structures like weirs, spillways, diversion tunnels, and especially sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) experience significant hydro-abrasion due to high flow velocities and elevated sediment transport rates. The hydro-abrasion process is critical in hydraulic engineering, where material loss can lead to structural damage and costly repairs, and in geomorphology, where it drives bedrock incision and shapes landscape evolution over time. This study aims to advance the knowledge of hydro-abrasion mechanics (part I, present paper) and to enhance a mechanistic saltation hydro-abrasion model (part 2) for predicting river and landscape evolution and hydro-abrasion at hydraulic structures. To this end, hydro-abrasion tests of polyurethane foams and weak mortar mixtures as bed materials were systematically conducted in a 0.20 m wide, 0.7 m deep and 13.5 m long laboratory flume at VAW at ETH Zurich, under supercritical flow conditions. The study investigates the effect of flume width-to-flow depth aspect ratios, approach flow Froude numbers, particle diameter and hardness and sediment supply rate on hydro-abrasion rate and pattern. The focus is on the latter two parameters, which were not previously and systematically investigated in flume studies at low aspect ratios. The abrasion depths were measured using a 3D high precision laser scanner. Results revealed that abrasion rate increases with sediment supply rate with maximum abrasion occurring when sediment transport capacity is reached. Harder sediment leads to higher abrasion rates. Abrasion patterns depend on the aspect ratio, causing the formation of one or two incision channels. Three cover effect functions, namely, linear, exponential, and probabilistic were compared to the data. The exponential cover function provides the best representation of the present data. These findings provide new insights into the physical mechanisms of hydro-abrasion under varying hydraulic, sediment, and bed material conditions. This research contributes to the enhancement of a well-known mechanistic saltation abrasion predictive model by incorporating the proposed hardness and cover equations, which is detailed separately in the accompanying paper as Part 2.

水力磨损是指固体表面的物质逐渐流失，主要是由机械应力引起的，主要是由流水中泥沙跳跃的影响造成的。由于高流速和高输沙率，堰、溢洪道、导流隧洞，特别是泥沙绕道隧洞（sbt）等水工结构经历了显著的水力磨损。水力磨损过程在水利工程中至关重要，在水利工程中，材料损失会导致结构损坏和昂贵的维修费用；在地貌学中，水力磨损过程会导致基岩切口，并随着时间的推移影响景观的演变。本研究旨在增进水蚀力学的知识（第一部分，本论文），并加强机械跳跃水蚀模型（第二部分），用于预测河流和景观演变以及水工建筑物的水蚀。为此，在苏黎世联邦理工学院VAW的一个0.20 m宽、0.7 m深、13.5 m长的实验室水槽中，在超临界流动条件下，系统地进行了聚氨酯泡沫和弱砂浆混合物作为床材的水磨试验。研究了水槽宽流深宽比、接近流弗劳德数、颗粒直径、硬度和输沙率对水磨速率和模式的影响。重点是后两个参数，这两个参数以前没有在低长径比的水槽研究中系统地研究过。使用三维高精度激光扫描仪测量磨损深度。结果表明：磨耗率随输沙量的增加而增加，当输沙量达到最大时磨耗率最大；较硬的沉积物导致较高的磨损率。磨损模式取决于纵横比，导致形成一个或两个切口通道。对数据进行了线性、指数和概率三种覆盖效应函数的比较。指数覆盖函数提供了当前数据的最佳表示。这些发现为不同水力、泥沙和床物质条件下的水力磨损物理机制提供了新的见解。本研究通过纳入所提出的硬度和覆盖方程，有助于增强著名的机械跳跃磨损预测模型，该模型将在随附的论文中作为第2部分单独详细介绍。

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引用次数: 0

Gpu-enhanced 2D simulation of Yanming lake water environment 基于gpu增强的燕明湖水环境二维模拟

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100683

Lu Yang , Jingming Hou , Wangyu Luo

A 2D hydrodynamic and mass transport model was developed in this study, focusing on inorganic nutrients in water and utilizing GPU acceleration to improve simulation efficiency. Compared to traditional water environment models, this model is not only capable of simulating the transport processes of key water quality factors, including the nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, dissolved oxygen balance, and chlorophyll α, but also significantly enhances computational efficiency. It was applied to Yanming Lake No.5 under various water flow conditions, using measured data to ensure accuracy. The results indicated that reliable simulations were provided by the model, accurately reflecting changes in water dynamics and quality. Meanwhile, under the same simulation conditions, its computational efficiency was approximately seven times greater than that of CPU devices. As throughput increased, overall water depth and velocity were found to remain stable, while concentrations of water quality factors gradually decreased, primarily affecting the lake’s entrance. Over time, signs of poor nutrient conditions due to eutrophication were noted in the lake. This model enables detailed simulations of the transport of environmental variables and their interactions, serving as a valuable tool for predicting and preventing water pollution.

本研究以水体中的无机营养物为研究对象，利用GPU加速技术，建立了二维水动力和质量输运模型，提高了模拟效率。与传统水环境模型相比，该模型不仅能够模拟氮循环、磷循环、溶解氧平衡、叶绿素α等关键水质因子的输运过程，而且显著提高了计算效率。应用于燕明5号湖不同水流条件下，采用实测数据保证精度。结果表明，该模型模拟结果可靠，能较准确地反映水动力和水质的变化。同时，在相同的仿真条件下，其计算效率大约是CPU设备的7倍。随着吞吐量的增加，总体水深和流速保持稳定，水质因子浓度逐渐降低，主要影响湖泊入口。随着时间的推移，由于富营养化，湖中出现了营养状况不佳的迹象。该模型能够详细模拟环境变量的传输及其相互作用，是预测和预防水污染的宝贵工具。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of meteorological drought and its characteristics in Northern Thailand from 1980 to 2016 1980 - 2016年泰国北部气象干旱及其特征评价

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100681

Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam , Ghani Rahman , Sanghyun Kim , Hyun-Han Kwon , Nurullayev Mirolim Nosirovich

Meteorological drought is characterized by prolonged periods of below-average precipitation and is a major environmental hazard that significantly affects agriculture, water resources and ecosystems. Drought assessment and understanding its patterns are important for effective water management and risk mitigation. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal variability and characteristics of meteorological drought in Northern Thailand from 1980 to 2016, using precipitation and temperature data from 22 meteorological stations provided by the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD). We used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to identify drought events and analyze their trends using Spearman’s Rho test. Additionally, we applied Run theory to quantify drought characteristics, including duration, severity and intensity. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive approach, integrating long-term climate data with advanced statistical methods to assess the impact of rising temperatures on drought frequency. The results revealed significant increasing trend in mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures across most meteorological stations, contributing to frequent drought events. Notably, severe droughts were observed during 1982–1983, 1986–1987, 1991–1993, 1997–1998, 2004–2005, 2009, and 2014–2016. Thus, these SPEI analysis highlights the growing influence of temperature-driven evapotranspiration which lead to soil moisture loss and crop failure. The insights from this study emphasizes on the need of proactive drought risk management and adaptation strategies particularly for agriculture sector. Future research should focus on assessing the socio-economic impacts of drought and developing predictive models for improved mitigation planning.

气象干旱的特点是降水长期低于平均水平，是严重影响农业、水资源和生态系统的主要环境灾害。干旱评估和了解其模式对于有效的水资源管理和减轻风险至关重要。利用泰国气象局（TMD）提供的22个气象站的降水和温度资料，对1980 - 2016年泰国北部气象干旱的时空变化特征进行了研究。采用标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）识别干旱事件，并采用Spearman’s Rho检验分析干旱事件的趋势。此外，我们应用Run理论来量化干旱特征，包括持续时间、严重程度和强度。该研究的新颖之处在于其综合方法，将长期气候数据与先进的统计方法相结合，以评估温度上升对干旱频率的影响。结果显示，大部分气象站的平均、最低和最高气温呈显著上升趋势，导致干旱事件频繁发生。值得注意的是，1982-1983年、1986-1987年、1991-1993年、1997-1998年、2004-2005年、2009年和2014-2016年出现了严重干旱。因此，这些SPEI分析强调了温度驱动的蒸散发的影响越来越大，导致土壤水分流失和作物歉收。这项研究的见解强调了主动干旱风险管理和适应战略的必要性，特别是对农业部门而言。今后的研究应侧重于评估干旱的社会经济影响，并为改进减灾规划开发预测模型。

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引用次数: 0

The variation pattern and estimation method of backwater length at the reservoir of delta deposition 三角洲沉积储层回水长度变化规律及估算方法

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100682

Kaixuan Wang, Minghui Yu, Yuying Shao, Jinlan Mo, Qianrou Chen

The interaction of sedimentation and backwater in the reservoir area after the operation of the reservoir causes the backwater and sedimentation to continuously extend upstream. Studying the variation pattern of backwater length after reservoir sedimentation is of significant importance for assessing the reservoir inundation range. Based on the calculation of backwater after sedimentation at the BDa Reservoir, the variations in the backwater under the delta deposition at the reservoir were revealed. During the flood season, there are two inflection points in the backwater surface profile, occurring respectively near the pivot point and starting point of the delta. The impact of deposition thickness on the rise in backwater elevation is mainly reflected at the topset reach of the delta. Furthermore, the depth calculation formulas of foreset reach, topset reach, and sedimentation-affected reach of the delta deposition were established. Based on these, factors influencing the backwater length under delta deposition were identified as the depth at the dam, the distance from the pivot point to the dam, and the inlet discharge. Then a rapid estimation method for backwater length under delta deposition was proposed and validated. Results provide a rapid estimation of reservoir backwater length, which can prevent the protected projects from being inundated by the reservoir backwater.

水库运行后，库区的淤积与回水相互作用，导致淤积与回水不断向上游延伸。研究水库淤积后回水长度的变化规律，对水库淹没范围的评估具有重要意义。通过对渤达水库沉积后回水的计算，揭示了三角洲沉积作用下水库回水的变化规律。汛期回水面剖面有两个拐点，分别出现在三角洲支点和起点附近。沉积厚度对回水高程上升的影响主要体现在三角洲顶部。在此基础上，建立了三角洲沉积前置河段、上置河段和受沉积影响河段的深度计算公式。在此基础上，确定了三角洲沉积条件下影响回水长度的因素为坝体深度、枢纽点到坝体的距离和进水口流量。在此基础上，提出并验证了三角洲沉积条件下回水长度的快速估计方法。结果提供了水库回水长度的快速估计，可以防止保护工程被水库回水淹没。

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引用次数: 0

The Morton number and its importance in free-surface flow modelling 莫顿数及其在自由表面流动模型中的重要性

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100679

Hubert Chanson

Environmental free-surface flows encompass a wide range of applications in civil and environmental engineering. Hydraulic models, physical and numerical, are developed based upon the fundamental principles of similitude and dimensional analysis, as well as conservation of mass, momentum and energy, to ensure a reliable prediction of full-scale performances. Free-surface flows are modelled using a Froude similitude because gravity effects are important. Practically, the vast majority of free-surface flow models use water and air as in prototype. This constraint implies an invariant Morton number. With a combined Froude and Morton similarity, the Reynolds number is proportional to the mass flux. and it is typically much smaller in the hydraulic model. The difference in Reynolds numbers between model and prototype accounts for potential scale effects in terms of both viscous and capillary processes. It is demonstrated that the Weber number is irrelevant when the Reynolds number is retained. A few hydraulic models used different fluids between models and full-scale applications, and their application is discussed.

环境自由表面流在土木和环境工程中有着广泛的应用。水力模型，物理和数值，是基于相似和量纲分析的基本原则，以及质量，动量和能量守恒，以确保全面性能的可靠预测。由于重力效应很重要，所以使用弗劳德相似来模拟自由表面流动。实际上，绝大多数的自由表面流动模型和原型一样使用水和空气。这个约束意味着一个不变的莫顿数。结合弗劳德和莫顿的相似性，雷诺数与质量通量成正比。在水力模型中它通常要小得多。模型和原型之间的雷诺数差异解释了粘性和毛细过程中潜在的尺度效应。结果表明，当雷诺数不变时，韦伯数是无关紧要的。一些水力模型在模型和全尺寸应用中使用了不同的流体，并讨论了它们的应用。

引用次数: 0

Effect of a nonbuoyant submerged transverse jet on bend secondary circulation 水下非浮力横向射流对弯曲二次循环的影响

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2025.100671

H.K. Schreiner, C.D. Rennie, A. Mohammadian

The system of an effluent jet discharged upstream of a sharp open channel bend is investigated using large eddy simulations and particle image velocimetry. Without the jet, three distinct sub-cells of secondary circulation are distinguished by clustering instantaneous vortices: one at the inner bank, which is a characteristic of sharp bends; one in the center; and a counter-rotating outer bank cell. Upon addition of a nonbuoyant submerged transverse jet, the outer bank cell vanishes for a low momentum jet and is driven earlier in the bend for a high momentum jet, the bend’s circulation strength is redistributed from the inner bank cell to the center cell, and the development locations of the secondary circulation cells are shifted toward the inner bank. The inner bank cell develops later, and its development region is constrained to be closer to the inner bank. The center cell develops earlier in the bend, and its development region encompasses the jet vortices. The momentum of the jet influences the distribution of effluent, both by increasing mixing with higher momentum and by advection through the jet-affected secondary circulation.

采用大涡模拟和粒子图像测速技术研究了急转弯上游的射流系统。没有急流，三个不同的次级环流亚单元通过聚集的瞬时涡来区分：一个在内岸，这是一个急转弯的特征；一个在中间；还有一个反向旋转的外壁细胞。当无浮力淹没横向射流加入后，低动量射流的外滩单体消失，高动量射流的弯曲处被提前驱动，弯曲处的环流强度从内滩单体重新分布到中心单体，二次环流单体的发育位置向内滩转移。内滩细胞发育较晚，其发育区域受限制更靠近内滩。中心单体在弯曲区发育较早，其发育区域围绕着急流涡。射流的动量通过增加高动量的混合和通过射流影响的二次循环的平流来影响流出物的分布。

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