Dispersal-related plant traits are associated with range size in the Atlantic Forest

IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Diversity and Distributions Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1111/ddi.13856
Isis Petrocelli, Adriana Alzate, Alexander Zizka, Renske E. Onstein
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Abstract

Aim

The efficiency of animal-mediated seed dispersal is threatened by the decline of animal populations, especially in tropical forests. We hypothesise that large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal tend to have limited geographic ranges and face an increased risk of extinction due to the potential decline in seed dispersal by large-bodied fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals (frugivores).

Location

Atlantic Forest, Brazil, South America.

Taxon

Angiosperms.

Methods

First, we collected dispersal-related traits (dispersal syndrome, fruit size, and seed size), growth form (tree, climber, and other) and preferred vegetation type (open and closed) data for 1052 Atlantic Forest plant species. Next, we integrated these with occurrence records, extinction risk assessments, and phylogenetic trees. Finally, we performed phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to test the direct and interactive effects of dispersal-related traits and vegetation type on geographical range size.

Results

Large-seeded species had smaller range sizes than small-seeded species, but only for species with animal-mediated dispersal, not for those dispersed by abiotic mechanisms. However, plants with abiotic dispersal had overall smaller range sizes than plants with animal-mediated dispersal. Furthermore, we found that species restricted to forests had smaller ranges than those occurring in open or mixed vegetation. Finally, at least 29% of the Atlantic Forest flora is threatened by extinction, but this was not related to plant dispersal syndromes.

Main Conclusions

Large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal may be suffering from dispersal limitation, potentially due to past and ongoing defaunation of large-bodied frugivores, leading to small range sizes. Other factors, such as deforestation and fragmentation, will probably modulate the effects of dispersal on range size, and ultimately extinction. Our study sheds light on the relationship between plant traits, mutualistic interactions, and distribution that are key to the functioning of tropical forests.

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大西洋森林中与扩散相关的植物特征与分布范围大小有关
目的动物传播种子的效率受到动物数量减少的威胁,尤其是在热带森林中。我们假设,由于大型食果动物和种子传播动物(食果动物)的种子传播能力可能会下降,因此具有动物媒介传播能力的大种子植物的地理分布范围往往有限,并面临着更大的灭绝风险。方法首先,我们收集了大西洋森林 1052 种植物的扩散相关性状(扩散综合征、果实大小和种子大小)、生长形式(乔木、攀缘植物和其他)和偏好的植被类型(开放型和封闭型)数据。接下来,我们将这些数据与出现记录、灭绝风险评估和系统发生树整合在一起。最后,我们进行了系统发育广义最小二乘法回归,以检验散布相关特征和植被类型对地理分布区大小的直接影响和交互影响。结果大种子物种的分布区大小小于小种子物种,但仅动物媒介散布的物种的分布区大小小于非生物机制散布的物种。然而,与动物媒介扩散的植物相比,非生物扩散的植物的分布范围总体较小。此外,我们还发现,局限于森林中的物种的分布范围要小于那些分布在开阔或混合植被中的物种。最后,大西洋森林中至少有 29% 的植物区系面临灭绝威胁,但这与植物扩散综合征无关。主要结论以动物为媒介扩散的大种子植物可能受到扩散限制,这可能是由于过去和现在大型食草动物的消亡导致其分布范围较小。其他因素,如森林砍伐和破碎化,可能会调节扩散对分布区大小的影响,并最终导致物种灭绝。我们的研究揭示了植物性状、互惠相互作用和分布之间的关系,而这正是热带森林功能的关键所在。
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来源期刊
Diversity and Distributions
Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
195
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.
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