Aerodynamics of flapping wings with passive and active deformation

IF 3.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2024.104139
Florian Bouard , Thierry Jardin , Laurent David
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Abstract

This paper reports direct numerical simulations of the flow past rigid and flexible flapping wings under hovering flight conditions. Both passive and active deformations are considered. It is shown that passive deformation can help increase aerodynamic performance through significant wing bending. Bending occurs at the frequency of the prescribed flapping motion and is, in this case, characterized by moderate amplitude and phase lag with respect to the prescribed flapping motion. Bending is then actively prescribed (rather than being a result of passive deformation) with varying phase lag. This allows to decouple the role of bending amplitude and phase lag on aerodynamic performance of the flapping wing. It is shown that both lift and efficiency can be significantly enhanced for phase lags around 3π/2 but this enhancement reduces with increasing pitch angle. The influence of morphing on aerodynamic performance can be explained by the concomitant role of quasi-steady and unsteady effects. These results hence demonstrate that morphing can be beneficial to the aerodynamics of flapping wings. Furthermore, they can help define structural properties that promote aerodynamic performance of flapping wings through passive deformations (with relevant amplitude and phase).

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被动和主动变形拍翼的空气动力学
本文报告了在悬停飞行条件下流经刚性和柔性拍翼的直接数值模拟。被动和主动变形均在考虑之列。结果表明,被动变形可通过显著的机翼弯曲帮助提高气动性能。弯曲发生在规定的拍打运动频率上,在这种情况下,其特点是相对于规定的拍打运动具有适度的振幅和相位滞后。因此,弯曲是主动规定的(而不是被动变形的结果),其相位滞后程度各不相同。这样就可以将弯曲振幅和相位滞后对拍打翼气动性能的作用分离开来。研究表明,在相位滞后左右的情况下,升力和效率都会显著提高,但随着俯仰角的增大,这种提高的幅度会减小。变形对气动性能的影响可以用准稳定效应和非稳定效应的共同作用来解释。因此,这些结果表明,变形对拍打翼的空气动力学是有益的。此外,它们还有助于确定结构特性,通过被动变形(具有相关振幅和相位)提高拍翼的气动性能。
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来源期刊
Journal of Fluids and Structures
Journal of Fluids and Structures 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
173
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Fluids and Structures serves as a focal point and a forum for the exchange of ideas, for the many kinds of specialists and practitioners concerned with fluid–structure interactions and the dynamics of systems related thereto, in any field. One of its aims is to foster the cross–fertilization of ideas, methods and techniques in the various disciplines involved. The journal publishes papers that present original and significant contributions on all aspects of the mechanical interactions between fluids and solids, regardless of scale.
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