A facile and green pre-dispersion method for the preparation of epoxide-functionalized natural rubber/silica nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties

IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1007/s13726-024-01335-4
Dalip Abdulraman, Tinnakorn Tiensing, Pranee Phinyocheep
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Abstract

Good dispersion of silica filler in the rubber matrix is a key factor for the high-performance properties of rubber/silica nanocomposites. This work aimed at using mild and green conditions for incorporating high silica content in natural rubber (NR) without using a silane coupling agent. The NR latex was modified into a low degree (5%) of epoxide-functionalized NR, symbolized as ENR5 by epoxidation reaction. The silica (40 phr) was pre-dispersed in water using ultrasonication to break down the silica particles, symbolized as USiP before mixing in the obtained ENR5 latex. After water evaporation, no silica flocculation at the bottom of the container was observed, meaning that silica was well infiltrated in the rubber matrix without coagulating agents. The interaction of hydroxyl groups of silica with epoxide groups of ENR5 could support the stable dispersion of the silica in the rubber matrix. Then, the dried ENR5-USiP was further mixed with curing agents in a two-roll mill. The cure characteristic, morphology and mechanical properties of ENR5-USiP were compared with silica-filled NR using a conventional mixing process (NR-SiC) and NR filled with silica treated by a silane coupling agent (NR-SSiC). As a result, ENR5-USiP exhibited higher mechanical properties than NR-SiC and NR-SSiC. The SEM micrograph revealed the good dispersion of nano-size silica in the rubber matrix of ENR5-USiP composites. It can be highlighted that the breakage of silica particles by ultrasonication is a facile method and mixing of the obtained silica in the ENR5 latex is a green condition. Furthermore, the possible interaction between the silanol groups of silica and epoxide functional groups of ENR5 could play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silica-filled rubber composites without requiring a silane coupling agent.

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制备具有更好机械性能的环氧功能化天然橡胶/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的简便绿色预分散方法
白炭黑填料在橡胶基体中的良好分散性是橡胶/白炭黑纳米复合材料实现高性能的关键因素。本研究旨在利用温和、绿色的条件,在不使用硅烷偶联剂的情况下,在天然橡胶(NR)中加入高含量的二氧化硅。通过环氧化反应,将天然橡胶胶乳改性为低浓度(5%)的环氧化功能化天然橡胶,代号为 ENR5。在将二氧化硅(40 phr)混入得到的 ENR5 胶乳之前,先用超声波将二氧化硅(40 phr)分散在水中,以分解二氧化硅颗粒(符号为 USiP)。水蒸发后,容器底部没有观察到白炭黑絮凝现象,这意味着白炭黑在没有凝结剂的情况下很好地渗入了橡胶基质。白炭黑的羟基与 ENR5 的环氧基团相互作用,支持了白炭黑在橡胶基质中的稳定分散。然后,在双辊研磨机中将干燥的 ENR5-USiP 与固化剂进一步混合。将 ENR5-USiP 的固化特性、形态和机械性能与采用传统混合工艺的二氧化硅填充 NR(NR-SiC)和经硅烷偶联剂处理的二氧化硅填充 NR(NR-SiC)进行了比较。结果表明,ENR5-USiP 的机械性能高于 NR-SiC 和 NR-SiC。SEM 显微照片显示,纳米二氧化硅在 ENR5-USiP 复合材料的橡胶基体中分散良好。可以看出,用超声波破碎白炭黑颗粒是一种简便的方法,将获得的白炭黑混入 ENR5 胶乳是一种绿色环保的方法。此外,白炭黑的硅烷醇基团与ENR5的环氧官能团之间可能存在的相互作用可在改善白炭黑填充橡胶复合材料的机械性能方面发挥重要作用,而无需使用硅烷偶联剂。
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来源期刊
Iranian Polymer Journal
Iranian Polymer Journal 化学-高分子科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
9.70%
发文量
107
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Iranian Polymer Journal, a monthly peer-reviewed international journal, provides a continuous forum for the dissemination of the original research and latest advances made in science and technology of polymers, covering diverse areas of polymer synthesis, characterization, polymer physics, rubber, plastics and composites, processing and engineering, biopolymers, drug delivery systems and natural polymers to meet specific applications. Also contributions from nano-related fields are regarded especially important for its versatility in modern scientific development.
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