Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

Effect of fly ash and cement wastes mixed with natural rubber for rapid shaping with water: mechanical, weathering, and dynamic mechanical properties 粉煤灰和水泥废料与天然橡胶混合对水快速成型的影响：力学、风化和动态力学性能

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01533-8

Kriengsak Damampai, Pornkasem Jongpradist, Weerachart Tangchirapat, Yeampon Nakaramontri

This study aims to develop a water-based rapid shaping of un-crosslinked natural rubber (NR) compounded with individual fly ash (FA) and cement (CM) wastes to produce a flexible canvas. The setting process is driven by the chemical reaction of calcium oxide (CaO), present in FA and CM, which rapidly reacts with water molecules through a pozzolanic mechanism. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, and the durability of the composites, were assessed for both before and after water immersion. The results demonstrated that at filler of 100–250 phr, NR served as the primary continuous matrix. In contrast, at 500 phr of filler, NR acted mainly as a binder, promoting adhesion among the abundant inorganic particles. To investigate the performance of the un-crosslink FA/NR and CM/NR composites under varying soaking durations, crosslinked NR was also prepared and evaluated through mechanical testing. It was found that both un-crosslink and crosslinked NR exhibited similar mechanical behaviors in terms of stiffness, Young’s modulus, and stress at low strain levels, particularly after 7 days of soaking. This similarity is attributed to the formation of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ₂) layers on the composites’ surfaces, which restrict the NR molecular chains mobility adhered to the FA and CM particles. Although CM, with its higher CaO content, imparted superior mechanical enhancement compared to FA, soaking duration emerged as a critical factor. Prolonged soaking led to convergence in properties of both additional fillers. These findings support the effective utilization of FA and CM wastes where slow-hardening, shape-controlled processing is desired.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在开发一种非交联天然橡胶（NR）与单个粉煤灰（FA）和水泥（CM）废物复合的水基快速成型材料，以生产柔性帆布。凝固过程是由氧化钙（CaO）的化学反应驱动的，氧化钙存在于FA和CM中，通过火山灰机制与水分子快速反应。对复合材料在水浸前后的力学性能和动态力学性能以及耐久性进行了评价。结果表明，在填料为100-250 phr时，NR为主要连续基质。相比之下，在填充剂500phr时，NR主要起到粘结剂的作用，促进了丰富的无机颗粒之间的粘结。为了研究非交联FA/NR和CM/NR复合材料在不同浸泡时间下的性能，还制备了交联NR并通过力学测试对其进行了评价。研究发现，在低应变水平下，特别是浸泡7天后，未交联和交联NR在刚度、杨氏模量和应力方面表现出相似的力学行为。这种相似性归因于复合材料表面形成的氢氧化钙（Ca(OH) 2）层，限制了NR分子链粘附在FA和CM颗粒上的迁移率。虽然与FA相比，CaO含量较高的CM具有更好的机械增强效果，但浸泡时间是关键因素。长时间浸泡导致两种附加填料的性能趋同。这些发现支持FA和CM废物的有效利用，其中需要缓慢硬化，形状控制加工。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)/epoxidized natural rubber: fabrication and applications 基于聚（丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）/环氧化天然橡胶的水凝胶：制造和应用

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01520-z

Hongda Ding, Liang Xu, Yanqiu Wang, Xiaoran Yang, Xin Shao, Tingyu He, Xiande Shen

The fabrication of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based functional hydrogels containing renewable material represents a promising exploration for treating organic dye and adhesive applications. This research fabricated the hydrogels composed of poly-(acrylamide–acrylic acid) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in a dual ethylene glycol/water (EG/H₂O) solvent by one-pot thermal polymerization method, which can be served as an absorbent and an adhesive. The introduction of ENR provides a prominent improvement in the overall properties of hydrogels, including toughness and adhesion, due to its intrinsic nature. The hydrogels with chemical and physical dual crosslinks enable a better adsorption value of 113.2 mg/g for methylene blue (MB), excellent adhesion for diversity substrates including natural rubber glove, glass culture dish, plastic, glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene (as high as 1700 N/m²), high swelling ratio (by 3156%), frost resistance, and solvent volatility resistance. The adsorption mechanism between hydrogel adsorbent and MB molecules mainly contains hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The experimental data can be more appropriately represented in pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir models, which reveal that the removal mechanisms are governed by chemical and monolayer adsorptions. As adhesive can be detached on demand, with no residual adhesive on the substrate and repeatable attachment and peel off, which would be conducive to practical applications in a particular scene. We anticipate that PAM-based functional hydrogels possess significant potential for various applications, including organic dye removal and water-soluble adhesive.

Graphical abstract

含可再生材料的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）基功能水凝胶的制备是处理有机染料和粘合剂应用的一个有前途的探索。本研究在乙二醇/水（EG/H2O）双溶剂中采用一锅热聚合法制备了由聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸和环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）组成的水凝胶，该水凝胶可作为吸附剂和粘合剂。ENR的引入使水凝胶的整体性能得到了显著改善，包括韧性和附着力，这是由于其固有的性质。具有化学和物理双交联的水凝胶对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附值为113.2 mg/g，对天然橡胶手套、玻璃培养皿、塑料、玻璃、聚四氟乙烯等多种基材（高达1700 N/m2）具有良好的粘附性，溶胀率高（3156%），耐霜冻，耐溶剂挥发性好。水凝胶吸附剂与MB分子的吸附机理主要包括氢键和静电相互作用。实验数据可以用拟二阶动力学模型和Langmuir模型更合适地表示，这表明去除机制主要由化学吸附和单层吸附控制。由于粘合剂可以按需剥离，在基材上无残留粘合剂，可重复附着和剥离，有利于在特定场景下的实际应用。我们预计pam基功能水凝胶具有各种应用的巨大潜力，包括有机染料去除和水溶性粘合剂。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Silica-loaded perchloric acid as a catalyst for terpene phenol resins 负载二氧化硅的高氯酸作为萜烯酚树脂的催化剂

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01526-7

Rongyan Hu, Zuguang Liu, Xiuxiu Ren, Xiao Wang, Shihao Ma, Xinyi Wang

Terpene phenolic resin with high softening point and strong adhesion has been increasingly studied worldwide, and it is widely used in the field of rubber and adhesives. A low-cost and easy-to-prepare heterogeneous catalyst, silica-loaded perchloric acid (HClO₄/SiO₂), was prepared from perchloric acid and fumed silica, and utilized to synthesize terpene phenol resins for the first time. The polymerization conditions were optimized by single factor experiments, and the terpene phenol resin obtained under the optimal conditions achieved a yield of 85.1%, a softening point of 112.6 °C, a Ghanaian color number of 8, and an acid value below 1.00 mg KOH g⁻¹ without washing with water, respectively. The possible copolymerization mechanism was inferred through other characterization methods such as infrared spectrum and hydroxyl value determination. After three cycles of the polymerization, the catalyst HClO₄/SiO₂ still achieved a relative high yield of 65.2%, and no significant desorption for perchloric acid was observed. This means that the washing with water to remove desorbed perchloric acid in the resin can be avoided, which may prevent wastewater pollution to the environment, save production costs and simple production process. Therefore, HClO₄/SiO₂ presents a promising option for the clean and cost-efficient production of terpene phenolic resins, with potential applications in large-scale manufacturing.

Graphical abstract

高软化点、强附着力的萜烯酚醛树脂在世界范围内受到越来越多的研究，在橡胶和胶粘剂领域得到了广泛的应用。以高氯酸和气相二氧化硅为原料，制备了低成本、易制备的负载高氯酸（HClO4/SiO2）多相催化剂，并首次用于萜烯酚树脂的合成。通过单因素实验对聚合条件进行优化，得到的萜烯酚树脂产率为85.1%，软化点为112.6℃，加纳色数为8，酸值在1.00 mg KOH g−1以下，无需水洗。通过其他表征方法，如红外光谱和羟基值测定，推断可能的共聚机理。经过3次循环聚合后，HClO4/SiO2催化剂的产率仍然达到了相对较高的65.2%，并且对高氯酸没有明显的脱附现象。这意味着可以避免用水洗涤去除树脂中解吸的高氯酸，可以防止废水对环境的污染，节省生产成本，简化生产工艺。因此，HClO4/SiO2为清洁和经济高效地生产萜烯酚醛树脂提供了一个有前途的选择，具有大规模生产的潜在应用前景。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Sustained release of riboflavin/β-cyclodextrin encapsulated within nanocomposites composed of pectin, pullulan, and kaolinite optimized through experimental design 通过实验设计优化了果胶-普鲁兰-高岭石纳米复合材料包封核黄素/β-环糊精的缓释效果

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01534-7

Komal Nandal, Rajeev Jindal

This study explored the potential of a natural riboflavin (vitamin B₂) with antibiotic properties, aiming to enhance its efficacy by synthesizing inclusion complexes (ICs) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for sustained release. The ICs were prepared using physical, microwave, and direct drug methods, which were incorporated into nanocomposites. pH-sensitive nanocomposites were synthesized using pectin (PC), pullulan (PL), and kaolinite (KaO). The formation of inclusion complexes was confirmed through various analytical techniques, including DSC, FE-SEM, NMR, FTIR, and PXRD. To optimize the reaction parameters, experimental conditions were refined using a response surface methodology design. FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses were conducted to investigate nanocomposite formation. Drug release studies conducted at pH levels of 2, 7, and 7.4 at 38 °C showed that the microwave method was the most effective for controlled release compared to the physical and direct drug release methods. The solubility of riboflavin was examined through phase solubility analysis, resulting in a characteristic A_L-type curve, which indicates the formation of a 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. Comparative analysis using five kinetic models showed that the zero-order, Ritger–Peppas, and Peppas–Sahlin models best fit the drug release kinetics under varying pH conditions. The exploratory kinetic study indicated that β-CD significantly impacts the drug release process by affecting polymer relaxation, leading to a slower release.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在通过与β-环糊精（β-CD）合成包合物（ICs）来提高天然核黄素（维生素B2）的缓释药效。采用物理法、微波法和直接药物法制备ic，并将其掺入纳米复合材料中。以果胶（PC）、普鲁兰（PL）和高岭石（KaO）为原料合成了ph敏感纳米复合材料。通过DSC、FE-SEM、NMR、FTIR、PXRD等多种分析技术证实了包合物的形成。为优化反应参数，采用响应面法设计优化实验条件。通过FTIR， TGA， SEM， EDX和XRD分析研究了纳米复合材料的形成。在38°C下pH为2、7和7.4时进行的药物释放研究表明，与物理和直接药物释放方法相比，微波方法的控释效果最好。通过相溶解度分析检测核黄素的溶解度，得到一条特征的al型曲线，表明形成了1:1的化学计量包合物。五种动力学模型的对比分析表明，零级模型、Ritger-Peppas模型和Peppas-Sahlin模型最适合不同pH条件下的药物释放动力学。探索性动力学研究表明，β-CD通过影响聚合物弛豫显著影响药物释放过程，导致药物释放速度减慢。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Metal organic framework@pulp fibers modified by CH3NH3PbBr3 for fluorescent anticounterfeiting and writing encryption CH3NH3PbBr3改性金属有机framework@pulp纤维用于荧光防伪和书写加密

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01535-6

Haiping Wang, Ji Xia, Qi Lu, Xianhui An, Ziyang Chang, Gang Yang, Xueren Qian

Perovskites nanocrystals and luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOF) were investigated for anticounterfeiting materials because of their exciting optoelectronic and optical properties. MOFs have always served as an excellent host for encapsulating perovskite leveraging their inherent porosity. In this paper, we prepared fluorescent anticounterfeiting paper with two luminescence modes by different fluorescence properties of Tb-metal–organic framework (Tb-MOF) and perovskite (MAPbBr₃). In order to obtain the appropriate loading capacity of Tb-MOF on the surface of pulp fibers (PFs), the reaction conditions containing temperature, time and amount were optimized. The selection of pyromellitic acid (H₄BTC) as a ligand not only improved the luminescence efficiency of Tb³⁺, it also increased the deposition rate of Tb-MOF due to the uncoordinated carboxyl group forming hydrogen bond with hydroxyl group of PFs. For the sake of controlling the formation rate and reducing agglomeration of MAPbBr₃, Pb²⁺ was doped in Tb-MOF. Fluorescent anticounterfeiting writing of Pb/Tb-MOF@PFs was realized by CH₃NH₃Br (MABr) ink. Then, Pb/Tb-MOF was used as porous templates and lead sources to prepare MAPbBr₃@Pb/Tb-MOF with two luminescence modes at 254 nm and 365 nm UV excitation wavelength to achieve multilevel anticounterfeiting. Under excitation wavelengths of 254 nm and 365 nm, MAPbBr₃@Pb/Tb-MOF@CFs exhibited quantum yields of 6.48% and 2.62%, respectively, while decay times of 0.77 ms and 4.96 ns were detected at an emission wavelength of 545 nm and 512 nm. Consequently, the current study not only provides a new idea for the synthesis of MAPbBr₃ and their controllable anchoring on support materials but also offers an effective method for fluorescent anticounterfeiting.

Graphical abstract

由于钙钛矿纳米晶体和发光金属有机骨架具有令人兴奋的光电和光学特性，研究了它们作为防伪材料的应用。mof一直是利用其固有孔隙度封装钙钛矿的优良载体。本文利用铽金属有机骨架（Tb-MOF）和钙钛矿（MAPbBr3）不同的荧光特性制备了两种发光模式的荧光防伪纸。为了获得合适的Tb-MOF在纸浆纤维表面的负载量，对反应温度、时间和用量进行了优化。选择邻苯二甲酸（H4BTC）作为配体，不仅提高了Tb3+的发光效率，而且由于不配位的羧基与PFs的羟基形成氢键，提高了Tb-MOF的沉积速率。为了控制MAPbBr3的形成速率和减少团聚，在Tb-MOF中掺杂Pb2+。用CH3NH3Br （MABr）油墨实现了Pb/Tb-MOF@PFs的荧光防伪书写。然后，以Pb/Tb-MOF为多孔模板和铅源，制备了具有254 nm和365 nm紫外激发波长两种发光模式的MAPbBr3@Pb/Tb-MOF，实现了多级防伪。在254 nm和365 nm激发波长下，MAPbBr3@Pb/Tb-MOF@CFs的量子产率分别为6.48%和2.62%，而在545 nm和512 nm发射波长下，衰减时间分别为0.77 ms和4.96 ns。因此，本研究不仅为MAPbBr3的合成及其在载体材料上的可控锚定提供了新的思路，也为荧光防伪提供了一种有效的方法。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and Phase Transition Study of Copolymer Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-diacetone acrylamide) with tailored LCST over a wide temperature range 宽温度范围内定制LCST共聚物聚（n -乙烯基吡咯烷酮-co-二丙酮丙烯酰胺）的合成与相变研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01519-6

Yunling Dai, Xinyu Ma, Du Pan, Qiurui Lin, Wei Zhang, Yining Yang, Xianru He

Polymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) had broad application prospects in biomedicine and drug delivery. The copolymer poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-diacetone acrylamide) (P(NVP-co-DAAM)) was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAM). Ultraviolet transmittance was utilized to investigate its solution behavior. The results showed that by adjusting molar ratio of two monomers, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer could be modulated for 12.0–59.9 °C. Variable-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examined the interactions between the copolymer and water molecules. The results indicated that the hydroxyl absorption peak of the solvent water molecules exhibited blue-shift with rising temperature, indicating weakening interactions between copolymer and water molecules. Two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy results showed that interaction between water molecular and DAAM structural unit weakened prior to that between water molecular and NVP structural unit due to rising temperature. The concentration dependence of the increasing specific viscosity indicated that the aggregation concentration (Cg) of the polymer solution decreased with increasing temperature.Dynamic light scattering experiments showed that the hydrodynamic size increases with increasing temperature above the LCST. The results comprehensively showed that the P(NVP-co-DAAM) copolymer exhibits a sensitive temperature response, and the P(NVP-co-DAAM) structure has good biocompatibility, indicating its significant potential for application in biomedicine and related fields.

Graphical Abstract

低临界溶液温度聚合物在生物医学和给药领域具有广阔的应用前景。以n-乙烯基吡啶酮（NVP）和二丙酮丙烯酰胺（DAAM）为原料，采用可逆加成-裂解链转移（RAFT）聚合法制备了共聚物聚（n-乙烯基吡啶酮-co-二丙酮丙烯酰胺）（P(NVP-co-DAAM)）。紫外透过率对其溶液行为进行了表征。结果表明，通过调节两种单体的摩尔比，共聚物的下限临界溶液温度（LCST）可调节为12.0 ~ 59.9℃。变温傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了共聚物与水分子之间的相互作用。结果表明，随着温度的升高，溶剂水分子的羟基吸收峰发生蓝移，表明共聚物与水分子的相互作用减弱。二维红外相关光谱结果表明，随着温度的升高，水分子与DAAM结构单元的相互作用比与NVP结构单元的相互作用减弱。比黏度的浓度依赖性表明，聚合物溶液的聚集浓度（Cg）随温度的升高而降低。动态光散射实验表明，随着温度的升高，水动力尺寸增大。综合结果表明，P（NVP-co-DAAM）共聚物具有敏感的温度响应，且P（NVP-co-DAAM）结构具有良好的生物相容性，在生物医学及相关领域具有重要的应用潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Improved erosion resistance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites with carbonated fly ash: synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation 碳化粉煤灰增强玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料的抗侵蚀性能：合成、表征及性能评价

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01530-x

Anisha Ekka, Srimant Kumar Mishra, Trupti Ranjan Mahapatra, Punyapriya Mishra, Amruta Panda, Debadutta Mishra

Carbonization of fly ash mitigates rising CO₂ levels by enabling mineral carbonation, a key carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) strategy. However, the indirect carbonation process for producing carbonated fly ash (CFA) and its use as a sustainable filler in glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) remain underexplored. This study investigates the comprehensive characterization and erosion resistance of GFRPCs incorporating in-house synthesized CFA. The morphological, physical, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal properties were analyzed across CFA loadings (0–20 wt.%). At 10 wt.% CFA, the density increased by 4.1%, while tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) improved by 38.9%, 83.2%, 51%, and 83.7%, respectively. Impact strength, microhardness, and tensile modulus were 4.4, 2.9, and 4.7 times higher than those of unfilled GFRPC. The CFA-filled GFRPCs also exhibit excellent resistance to water absorption and are classified as Class D-type sound absorbers. This is likely due to strong interfacial bonding between the matrix and ceramic-rich CFA at 10 wt.% filler loading. Erosion wear was assessed using the central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM), considering composite type, impingement angle, erodent size, velocity, and mass flow rate. Optimal conditions (20 wt.% CFA, 300 µm erodent size, 82 m/s velocity, 90° impact angle, and 10 g/min mass flow rate) reduced 68.8% erosion rate. RSM predictions closely matched experimental results with a 6.4% deviation, confirming model accuracy. These findings promote sustainable composite design with improved durability, soundproofing, and thermal stability, ideal for walls, partitions, and enclosures in industrial and architectural applications.

Graphical Abstract

粉煤灰的碳化通过实现矿物碳化（一种关键的碳封存和储存（CSS）策略）来缓解二氧化碳水平的上升。然而，生产碳化粉煤灰（CFA）的间接碳化工艺及其作为玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料（gfrpc）的可持续填料的应用仍未得到充分探索。本研究采用内部合成的CFA研究了gfrpc的综合表征和耐侵蚀性。分析了CFA载荷（0-20 wt.%）下的形态、物理、机械、声学和热性能。在10 wt.% CFA时，密度提高了4.1%，抗拉强度、抗弯强度、抗弯模量和层间剪切强度（ILSS）分别提高了38.9%、83.2%、51%和83.7%。冲击强度、显微硬度和拉伸模量分别是未填充GFRPC的4.4倍、2.9倍和4.7倍。cfa填充的gfrpc还具有优异的吸水性能，被列为d类吸声材料。这可能是由于在10 wt.%填料加载时，基体和富含陶瓷的CFA之间的界面键合很强。采用基于响应面法（RSM）的中心复合设计（CCD）评估冲蚀磨损，考虑复合类型、冲击角、侵蚀尺寸、速度和质量流量。最佳条件（20 wt.% CFA， 300µm侵蚀尺寸，82 m/s速度，90°冲击角，10 g/min质量流量）降低了68.8%的侵蚀率。RSM预测结果与实验结果接近，偏差为6.4%，证实了模型的准确性。这些发现促进了可持续的复合材料设计，提高了耐用性、隔音性和热稳定性，是工业和建筑应用中墙壁、隔板和外壳的理想选择。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

A strategy of fluorescent complexes coated with acrylic resin @berberine/nido-carboranes: spectral characteristics and imaging of tumor cells in simulated gastrointestinal microenvironment 丙烯酸树脂-小檗碱/nido-碳硼烷包被荧光复合物的策略：模拟胃肠道微环境中肿瘤细胞的光谱特征和成像

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01502-1

Lei Sun, Zhixiang Lv, Min Liu, Zhou Wang

The potassium salt of nido-carborane is combined with berberine hydrochloride by ionic bond. Four kinds of acrylic resins were coated to obtain the fluorescent complexes L100-55@berberine@nido-carborane (L100-55-BCB), EPO@berberine@nido-carborane (EPO-BCB), RL@berberine@nido-carborane (RL-BCB), and RS@berberine@nido-carborane (RS-BCB), respectively. The fluorescent complexes were evenly distributed throughout the carrier material in a regular quadrilateral rectangle shape, as shown by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The RS-BCB fluorescence complex with 29.4 mV has a stable potential, according to the zeta-potential experiment. A classic "three-stage" model was presented by simulating the release effect of four fluorescent complexes in the human gastrointestinal microenvironment. This showed that the release was slow and controlled, and the experiment produced the desired result. A good biocompatibility was indicated by the close proximity of fluorescent complexes to tumor cells in cell imaging experiments. The solubility issue of berberine was resolved in this study by the berberine-nested carborane fluorescent complex made with acrylic resin as the coating material. It also showed how carborane aggregated around tumor cells, offering a fresh approach and concept for the subsequent investigation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and the creation of anti-tumor composite medications.

Graphical abstract

硝基碳硼烷钾盐通过离子键与盐酸小檗碱结合。包覆4种丙烯酸树脂，分别得到L100-55@berberine@nido-碳硼烷（L100-55-BCB）、EPO@berberine@nido-碳硼烷（EPO-BCB）、RL@berberine@nido-碳硼烷（RL-BCB）和RS@berberine@nido-碳硼烷（RS-BCB）荧光配合物。透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示，荧光配合物均匀分布在载体材料中，呈规则的四边形矩形。ζ电位实验表明，具有29.4 mV的RS-BCB荧光配合物具有稳定的电位。通过模拟四种荧光复合物在人体胃肠道微环境中的释放效应，提出了一个经典的“三阶段”模型。这表明，释放是缓慢和可控的，实验产生了预期的结果。在细胞成像实验中，荧光复合物与肿瘤细胞的接近性表明其具有良好的生物相容性。本研究以丙烯酸树脂为涂层材料制备小檗碱嵌套碳硼烷荧光配合物，解决了小檗碱的溶解度问题。它还显示了碳硼烷如何在肿瘤细胞周围聚集，为后续研究硼中子捕获疗法（BNCT）和抗肿瘤复合药物的创建提供了新的方法和概念。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of packaging film properties of carbon char induced chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) active composite film to enhance the shelf-life of fresh vegetable 炭炭诱导壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇活性复合膜提高新鲜蔬菜保质期的包装膜性能评价

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01527-6

Paulami Banerjee, Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri

In recent years, the increasing awareness of the negative environmental impact of plastic materials has led to a growing demand for sustainable alternatives in packaging applications. Biodegradable packaging has emerged as a promising solution, particularly in food packaging. This study focuses on developing thin, biodegradable polymeric films containing carbon char embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) composite matrix for use in the food industry. Various physical and chemical properties of synthesized films were analyzed, and their packaging effectiveness was evaluated by assessing food longevity and freshness. To conduct the study, lemons were stored at room temperature (32 °C) and a relative humidity (RH) of 60%. The results demonstrated that the moisture retention ability (MRA) of the PVA/CH4/carbon char film improved from 91.7 to 94.3% compared to the base PVA/carbon char film. In addition, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) significantly decreased from 85.1 to 65.3 g/m²·h in the PVA/CH4/carbon char film. Notably, the microbial degradation of the PVA/CH4/carbon char film reached 91%, while its soil degradation rate was 55%, both of which were substantially higher than those of the pristine PVA/carbon char and commercial films. The findings of our work suggest that increasing the chitosan concentration enhances the food preservation properties of the films. At a chitosan concentration of 4% (by wt), the packaging effectively preserved food freshness for over 22 days, confirming its potential applicability in food packaging.

Graphical Abstract

近年来，人们越来越意识到塑料材料对环境的负面影响，这导致了对包装应用中可持续替代品的需求不断增长。可生物降解包装已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，特别是在食品包装方面。本研究的重点是开发在聚乙烯醇（PVA）和壳聚糖（CH）复合基质中嵌入碳炭的薄的、可生物降解的聚合物薄膜，用于食品工业。分析了合成膜的各种理化性能，并通过食品寿命和新鲜度评价了其包装效果。为了进行这项研究，柠檬被储存在室温（32°C）和相对湿度（RH） 60%的环境中。结果表明，PVA/CH4/碳炭膜的保湿性能（MRA）较碱型PVA/碳炭膜由91.7%提高到94.3%。PVA/CH4/炭膜的水蒸气透过率（WVTR）由85.1 g/m2·h显著降低至65.3 g/m2·h。值得注意的是，PVA/CH4/碳炭膜的微生物降解率达到91%，土壤降解率为55%，均显著高于原始PVA/碳炭膜和商品膜。研究结果表明，增加壳聚糖浓度可提高膜的食品保鲜性能。当壳聚糖浓度为4%（重量比）时，该包装能有效地保持食品的新鲜度22天以上，证实了其在食品包装中的潜在适用性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of chain extender-modified high stability isophorone diisocyanate/polyurea-melamine resin double-shell microcapsules and their application in self-healing coatings 扩链剂改性高稳定性二异氰酸酯异佛尔酮/聚氨酯-三聚氰胺树脂双壳微胶囊的制备及其在自愈涂料中的应用

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01523-w

Dongrui Ji, Baolian Zhang, Chenwei Lin, Xiaolan Liao, Hongbin Zhao, Yan Wang, Dahu Lin, Xiaopeng Fan

Incorporating microcapsules containing self-healing materials into anticorrosion coatings imparts self-healing capabilities to the coatings, enhancing their robustness, maintaining excellent anticorrosion performance, and reducing maintenance costs. However, traditional single-shell microcapsules exhibit poor stability in coatings and are prone to premature rupture under environmental influences, leading to unsatisfactory repairing effects. To address this issue, this work designed and prepared a double-shell microcapsule system using melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin as the outer shell material, polyurea (PUA) as the inner shell material, and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the core material. Additionally, a chain extender was incorporated to improve the toughness of the MF resin, achieving microcapsules with high stability and high core content. The results indicated that when the amount of methylated melamine–formaldehyde (MMF) resin prepolymer was 8.5 g, the mass ratio of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to polyetheramine (D230) was 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) to iso-tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether (TO-8) was 3:1, the microcapsules achieved a maximum core content of 61.76%. When the microcapsule content in the coating was between 5 and 10%, scratches in the damaged areas nearly disappeared, and no rust was observed, demonstrating excellent self-healing performance. The findings of this work presented promising applications for self-healing anticorrosion coatings.

Graphical abstract

将含有自修复材料的微胶囊加入到防腐涂层中，赋予涂层自修复能力，增强其坚固性，保持优异的防腐性能，并降低维护成本。然而，传统的单壳微胶囊在涂层中的稳定性较差，在环境影响下容易过早破裂，导致修复效果不理想。针对这一问题，本工作设计并制备了以三聚氰胺甲醛（MF）树脂为外壳材料，聚脲（PUA）为内壳材料，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）为核心材料的双壳微胶囊体系。此外，加入扩链剂提高了MF树脂的韧性，获得了高稳定性和高芯含量的微胶囊。结果表明，当甲基化三聚氰胺-甲醛（MMF）树脂预聚物用量为8.5 g，四乙基戊二胺（TEPA）与聚醚胺（D230）的质量比为1:1.5，苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）与异三醇聚氧乙烯醚（to -8）的质量比为3:1时，微胶囊的最大芯含量为61.76%。当涂层中微胶囊含量在5% ~ 10%之间时，受损区域的划痕几乎消失，且无锈迹，表现出优异的自愈性能。本研究结果为自修复防腐涂料提供了良好的应用前景。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0