Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

Long-chain branched copolyesters based on butylene succinate and ethylene terephthalate: synthesis, characterization, thermal and rheological properties 基于丁二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的长链支化共聚物：合成、表征、热性能和流变性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01358-x

Rezvene Nayeb Abbasi, Mehdi Rafizadeh

The introduction of long-chain branches can significantly increase the melt strength and processability of the polyesters. Hence, in the present study, a number of long-chain branched copolyesters were synthesized and the effect of branching agent on the properties of copolyesters was examined. Pentaerythritol (PER) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were used as branching agents for the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate-co-ethylene terephthalate) (PBSET). Microstructure and composition of the copolyesters were characterized by ¹H. NMR and their successful synthesis were corroborated. DSC test proved the semi-crystalline nature of copolymers and corroborated the crystallinity decrement with branching. The crystallinity decreased by 30–47%, when long-chain branches were formed in PBEST. Interestingly, no secondary crystallization was observed using the Avrami model. Furthermore, the Avrami exponent was in the range of 2.5–4.5, signifying a 3D-crystal growth. According to the shear viscosity measurement, the branched copolymers revealed more shear thinning behavior compared to their linear counterparts, and according to the elongational viscosity measurement, the PER branched copolymer displayed a stronger strain hardening response compared to its linear and TMA branched counterparts. Moreover, the shear modulus was raised by two orders of magnitude with branching. Having higher entanglement and less mobility, the long-chain branched copolyesters displayed longer relaxation times compared to their linear counterpart. Despite the outstanding feature of the TMA, its inclusion more than 0.4% (per mol) was not possible due to its declining effect on copolymer extensibility.

Graphical abstract

引入长链分支可显著提高聚酯的熔体强度和加工性能。因此，本研究合成了一些长链支化共聚聚酯，并考察了支化剂对共聚聚酯性能的影响。在合成聚（丁二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）（PBSET）时，使用了季戊四醇（PER）和偏苯三酸酐（TMA）作为支化剂。共聚聚酯的微观结构和组成由 1H.NMR 对共聚多酯的微观结构和组成进行了表征，并证实了它们的成功合成。DSC 测试证明了共聚物的半结晶性质，并证实了结晶度会随着支化而降低。在 PBEST 中形成长链分支时，结晶度降低了 30-47%。有趣的是，使用 Avrami 模型没有观察到二次结晶。此外，阿夫拉米指数的范围在 2.5-4.5 之间，这表明存在三维晶体生长。剪切粘度测量结果表明，与线性共聚物相比，支化共聚物具有更强的剪切稀化性能；拉伸粘度测量结果表明，与线性共聚物和 TMA 支化共聚物相比，PER 支化共聚物具有更强的应变硬化响应。此外，支化后的剪切模量提高了两个数量级。与线性共聚物相比，长链支化共聚物具有更高的缠结性和更低的流动性，因此弛豫时间更长。尽管 TMA 特性突出，但由于其对共聚物延展性的影响逐渐减弱，因此其含量不可能超过 0.4%（每摩尔）。

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引用次数: 0

Application of ultrasonic radiation for the development of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites and its effect on the PP chemical degradation 超声辐射在聚丙烯/多壁纳米碳管纳米复合材料开发中的应用及其对聚丙烯化学降解的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01360-3

J. G. Martínez-Colunga, V. J. Cruz-Delgado, S. Sánchez-Valdés, J. M. Mata-Padilla, L. F. Ramos-de Valle, A. B. Espinoza-Martínez, R. Benavides, E. Ramírez-Vargas, J. A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J. F. Lara-Sanchez, T. Lozano-Ramirez

The effects of ultrasound on the chemical structure of polypropylene (PP) and its composites with different MWCNT content were investigated. The PP composites with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (by weight) MWCNT were extruded using a traditional single-screw extruder and immediately US irradiated in a static mixer. The chemical structure of PP was characterized by using FTIR, DSC, TGA, and GPC to determine any changes caused by the ultrasound, and the MWCNT structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PP/MWCNT composites were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, and SEM, and tested for tensile properties, thermal stability, and electrical and thermal conductivity. The results showed that ultrasonic irradiation caused a slight oxidation in the PP structure and a 13% reduction in its molecular weight. An increase in PP crystallinity, attributed to the improved nucleating effect of the nanotubes, was also observed as a consequence of ultrasonic irradiation. The sonicated PP/MWCNT composites exhibited better dispersion of nanotubes within the PP matrix, resulting in a 30% increment in the elasticity modulus, 45 °C higher for thermal decomposition, an 11 orders of magnitude enhanced volume resistivity, and a 25% increment in thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the SEM results showed that the MWCNT structure was maintained during processing, thanks to the low shear stresses provided by the single-screw extruder, but keeping dispersion with the ultrasonic static mixer.

Graphical abstract

研究了超声波对不同 MWCNT 含量的聚丙烯（PP）及其复合材料化学结构的影响。使用传统的单螺杆挤出机挤出含有 0%、1%、3% 和 5%（重量比）MWCNT 的聚丙烯复合材料，并立即在静态混合器中进行超声辐照。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、数显分析仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）和气相色谱法（GPC）对聚丙烯的化学结构进行表征，以确定超声波引起的任何变化，并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对 MWCNT 结构进行表征。使用拉曼光谱、DSC、TGA 和 SEM 对 PP/MWCNT 复合材料进行表征，并测试其拉伸性能、热稳定性、导电性和导热性。结果表明，超声波辐照导致聚丙烯结构发生轻微氧化，分子量降低了 13%。超声辐照还导致聚丙烯结晶度增加，这归因于纳米管成核效应的改善。超声处理后的 PP/MWCNT 复合材料显示出纳米管在 PP 基质中更好的分散性，从而使弹性模量提高了 30%，热分解温度提高了 45 °C，体积电阻率提高了 11 个数量级，热导率提高了 25%。此外，SEM 结果表明，由于单螺杆挤出机提供的低剪切应力，MWCNT 结构在加工过程中得以保持，但在超声波静态混合器中保持分散。

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引用次数: 0

An optimized hybrid graphite/boron nitride polymer nanocomposite: enhancement in characteristic properties 优化的石墨/氮化硼杂化聚合物纳米复合材料：特性的增强

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01361-2

Debamita Mohanty, Smita Mohanty, Debmalya Roy, Sakti Ranjan Acharya, Arun Kumar

Hybrid nanocomposites have been synthesized utilizing epoxy (E) and varying weight percentages of carbon nanotube (CNT), exfoliated graphite (EG), boron nitride (BN), and graphene (GR) as fillers. The incorporation of these nanofillers into the epoxy matrix led to significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix polymer. Two specific nanocomposite formulations were optimized, one comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.3% (by weight) BN (E/CNT₁/BN₂), and the other comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.5% (by weight) EG (E/CNT₁/EG₃). These formulations demonstrated optimized mechanical properties like impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength with values of 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m², 50.35 ± 4 MPa, 0.201 W/(mK), and 97.57 ± 3 MPa in case of E/CNT₁/EG₃, and 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m², 54.59 ± 5 MPa, 0.224 W/(mK), and 116.37 ± 6 MPa for E/CNT₁/BN₂ nanocomposite. The incorporation of fillers also resulted in notable enhancements in thermal properties, as evidenced from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, flame properties of the optimized composite were investigated through cone calorimetry tests while the corresponding char residue was analyzed by employing SEM.

Graphical Abstract

利用环氧树脂（E）和不同重量百分比的碳纳米管（CNT）、剥离石墨（EG）、氮化硼（BN）和石墨烯（GR）作为填料，合成了混合纳米复合材料。将这些纳米填料掺入环氧树脂基体后，基体聚合物的机械性能和热性能显著提高。对两种特定的纳米复合材料配方进行了优化，一种配方包含 0.2% （重量比）的 CNT 和 0.3% （重量比）的 BN（E/CNT1/BN2），另一种配方包含 0.2% （重量比）的 CNT 和 0.5% （重量比）的 EG（E/CNT1/EG3）。这些配方显示出优化的机械性能，如冲击强度、拉伸强度、热导率和弯曲强度，其中 E/CNT1/EG3 的值为 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m2、50.35 ± 4 MPa、0.201 W/(mK) 和 97.57 ± 3 MPa，E/CNT1/BN2 纳米复合材料的值为 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m2、54.59 ± 5 MPa、0.224 W/(mK) 和 116.37 ± 6 MPa。从差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析法（TGA）和动态力学分析法（DMA）的结果来看，填料的加入也显著提高了热性能。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了纳米复合材料的结构和形态特性。此外，还通过锥形量热试验研究了优化复合材料的火焰特性，并利用扫描电子显微镜分析了相应的炭渣。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation and optimization of nerve cells’ proliferation on electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds 电纺纳米纤维支架上神经细胞增殖的估算与优化

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01347-0

Fatemeh Zamani, Mohammad Amani-Tehran

Due to the importance of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering to regenerate and repair nerve injuries, the main purpose of this study is to present an optimized physical structure of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffold as a biodegradable polymer that can increase nerve cells’ growth and proliferation. The effect of each scaffold property on the proliferation of the cells is assessed by estimating and modeling the rate of cell proliferation based on the scaffold’s structural characteristics, and the cell growth behavior is analyzed considering the changes in physical properties. Also, a statistical model is presented to estimate and optimize the number of proliferated cells by simultaneously considering the most effective electrospinning parameters related to the scaffold’s physical structure, utilizing the response surface methodology. The obtained results introduce the scaffold and fiber’s porosity as the most important scaffold property on cell growth enhancement. The optimal amounts of initial properties are 3% (w/v) and 2.5 m/s for solution concentration, and the collector linear velocity, respectively, based on the designed model, as well as the amount of the optimum estimated results is 1.359, which did not have a significant difference with the experimental results of these points. The scaffold suggested by the model had proper fiber alignment and diameter, providing the most optimal structure, adhesion, and cell proliferation in the desired direction by generating optimum porosity and hydrophilicity.

Graphical abstract

鉴于电纺纳米纤维支架在组织工程中再生和修复神经损伤的重要性，本研究的主要目的是提出一种优化物理结构的聚乳酸-共聚乙醇酸（PLGA）纳米纤维支架，作为一种可生物降解的聚合物，它可以增加神经细胞的生长和增殖。根据支架的结构特征对细胞增殖率进行估算和建模，评估了支架的各项特性对细胞增殖的影响，并根据物理特性的变化分析了细胞的生长行为。此外，还提出了一个统计模型，通过同时考虑与支架物理结构相关的最有效电纺参数，利用响应面方法估算和优化增殖细胞的数量。结果表明，支架和纤维的孔隙率是影响细胞生长的最重要的支架特性。根据设计的模型，初始属性的最佳量分别为溶液浓度的 3% (w/v) 和 2.5 m/s，以及收集器线速度，最佳估计结果的量为 1.359，与实验结果的这些点没有显著差异。该模型所建议的支架具有适当的纤维排列和直径，通过产生最佳的孔隙率和亲水性，在所需方向上提供了最理想的结构、粘附性和细胞增殖。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics study of catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene polymer using response surface method 利用响应面法对聚苯乙烯聚合物催化热解进行动力学研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01362-1

Nasrollah Majidian, Mahyar Saleh, Mohammad Samipourgiri

The present study investigates the kinetics of polystyrene catalytic pyrolysis using the response surface method. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used polymers that decomposes slowly in the environment. Two models (nth-order reaction and first-order reaction) have been employed to examine the catalytic pyrolysis process. One-liter hydrothermal reactor is filled with 100 g of polystyrene granules that have an estimated diameter of 1 mm and an Iranian natural zeolite catalyst. 100 mL of n-hexane and the catalyst are added to the reactor for improved mixing and to stop the catalyst particles from escaping. Then, the reactor is sealed and when the polymer melts down, nitrogen gas is injected with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. Three variables of time (30–120 min), temperature (100–300 °C), and the amount of catalyst (2, 4, 6 g) were selected as independent variables. For statistical analysis, the second-order model (response surface methodology) was used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results have shown that temperature and time have a significant effect on pyrolysis efficiency and the Group Method of Data Handling neural network was used to investigate the effect of parameters such as time, temperature, amount of catalyst, polystyrene amount, and pyrolysis mass volume. The findings illustrated that temperature has the greatest effect on the pyrolysis product and the results of kinetic investigation have shown that the nth-order reaction is more suitable for the kinetic justification of all experimental data because the degree of compatibility between experimental data and modeling results is higher than the first-order reaction.

Graphical abstract

本研究采用响应面法研究了聚苯乙烯催化热解动力学。聚苯乙烯是最广泛使用的聚合物之一，在环境中分解缓慢。我们采用了两种模型（正阶反应和一阶反应）来研究催化热解过程。在一升水热反应器中装入 100 克估计直径为 1 毫米的聚苯乙烯颗粒和伊朗天然沸石催化剂。向反应器中加入 100 毫升正己烷和催化剂，以改善混合效果并阻止催化剂颗粒逸出。然后密封反应器，当聚合物熔化后，以 100 mL/min 的流速注入氮气。选择时间（30-120 分钟）、温度（100-300 °C）和催化剂用量（2、4、6 克）这三个变量作为自变量。在统计分析中，采用了二阶模型（响应面法）来找出自变量和因变量之间的关系。结果表明，温度和时间对热解效率有显著影响，并采用分组数据处理法神经网络研究了时间、温度、催化剂用量、聚苯乙烯用量和热解质量体积等参数的影响。研究结果表明，温度对热解产物的影响最大，动力学研究结果表明，由于实验数据与建模结果之间的吻合程度高于一阶反应，因此 nth 阶反应更适合用于所有实验数据的动力学论证。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams obtained from reactive phosphorus-containing polyols dispersed in polyethylene glycol 由分散在聚乙二醇中的活性含磷多元醇获得的柔性聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4

Stanley Olivier Kanemoto, Pierre Christelle Mvondo Onana, Arnaud Maxime Yona Cheumani, Maurice Kor Ndikontar, Madurai Suguna Lakshmi

Flame-retardant and flexibility-enhanced phosphorus-polyurethane foams (P-PUF)s were prepared from phosphorus–hydroxyl precursors and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polyols. In the first step, three different precursors, such as tris-(5-hydroxypentyl) phosphate (P-Pen-OHs), tris-(4-hydroxybutyl) phosphate (P-But-OHs), and tris-(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphate (P-Pro-OHs) were synthesized and used as flame retardants. In the second step, the precursors were made to react with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to modify the flexibility and flame retardancy properties of the P-PUF product. The P-PUFs were obtained by a one-shot process system and then analyzed for their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive strength properties. Among all P-PUF samples, P-But-PUF showed the best compressive properties with a Young’s modulus value of 0.167 MPa. The compressive properties of P-PUF are found to be proportional to their relative density. These results show that the chemical structure of the phosphorus–hydroxyl precursor had a slight effect on the compressive properties as well as the porosity of the final materials. All the foams had T_g values in the range of 58–70 ℃ and their thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere started around 100 ℃. From the limiting oxygen index test, P-PUF samples are considered marginally stable materials with a slow-burning behavior that confirms the efficiency of reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants.

Graphic abstract

以磷羟基前体和聚乙二醇（PEG）为多元醇制备了阻燃性和柔韧性增强型磷聚氨酯泡沫（P-PUF）。第一步，合成了三种不同的前体，如磷酸三（5-羟基戊基）酯（P-Pen-OHs）、磷酸三（4-羟基丁基）酯（P-But-OHs）和磷酸三（3-羟基丙基）酯（P-Pro-OHs），并将其用作阻燃剂。第二步是使前体与甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯发生反应，以改变 P-PUF 产品的柔韧性和阻燃性能。P-PUF 通过一次成型工艺系统制得，然后对其热稳定性、阻燃性和抗压强度性能进行了分析。在所有 P-PUF 样品中，P-But-PUF 的抗压性能最好，其杨氏模量值为 0.167 兆帕。研究发现，P-PUF 的抗压性能与其相对密度成正比。这些结果表明，磷羟基前体的化学结构对最终材料的压缩性能和孔隙率有轻微影响。所有泡沫的 Tg 值都在 58-70 ℃ 之间，在氮气环境中的热降解始于 100 ℃ 左右。从极限氧指数测试来看，P-PUF 样品被认为是具有缓慢燃烧行为的边缘稳定材料，这证实了反应性磷基阻燃剂的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends with and without Joncryl® compatibilizer: a comprehensive study of mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties 含有和不含 Joncryl® 相容剂的回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/聚酰胺 11 混合物的兼容性和混溶性：机械、热和热机械特性的综合研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y

Unsia Habib, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Zurina Binti Mohamad

This innovative study explores the enhanced compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 11 (RPET/PA-11), particularly when modified with Joncryl^®, a compatibilizer. This investigation marks the first venture into the detailed thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Remarkably, the addition of 20% (by weight) PA-11 to RPET significantly boosts tensile strength from 18.5 ± 2.64 to 32.20 ± 4.95 MPa, flexural strength from 27.90 ± 3.17 to 46.75 ± 0.78 MPa, and impact strength from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Furthermore, introducing 2 phr Joncryl^® further fortifies these strengths to 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa, 63.12 ± 4.75 MPa, and 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m, respectively. The study revealed a rise in the storage modulus of RPET from 1128 to 1298.5 MPa with 20% (by weight) of PA-11. Compatibility and miscibility assessments through Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validate the blend's uniformity. DSC reveals that the melting temperatures for RPET/PA-11 blends with varying PA-11 concentrations closely match the melting temperature of pure RPET, signifying stable thermal properties. DSC results confirmed that the T_m1 temperature for cold crystallization drops with the addition of Joncryl^® content, suggesting improved interaction and miscibility between RPET and PA-11. TGA results disclosed that Joncryl^® compatibilizer, especially at 2 phr, boosts the thermal stability of RPET/PA-11 blends by improving miscibility. The 2 phr Joncryl^® blend was identified as the most robust in properties. This ground-breaking research highlights the potential of RPET in automotive and future advancements in polymer science.

Graphical abstract

这项创新性研究探讨了再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚酰胺 11 (RPET/PA-11) 的兼容性和混溶性，尤其是在使用相容剂 Joncryl® 进行改性后。这项研究是对混合物的详细热性能和热机械性能的首次尝试。值得注意的是，在 RPET 中添加 20% 的 PA-11（按重量计）可显著提高拉伸强度，从 18.5 ± 2.64 兆帕提高到 32.20 ± 4.95 兆帕，弯曲强度从 27.90 ± 3.17 兆帕提高到 46.75 ± 0.78 兆帕，冲击强度从 110.53 焦耳/米提高到 147.12 焦耳/米。此外，加入 2 phr Joncryl® 后，这些强度分别进一步提高到 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa、63.12 ± 4.75 MPa 和 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m。研究表明，添加 20% 的 PA-11 后，RPET 的储存模量从 1128 兆帕增加到 1298.5 兆帕。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、动态机械分析（DMA）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对相容性和混溶性进行评估，验证了混合物的均匀性。DSC 显示，不同 PA-11 浓度的 RPET/PA-11 混合物的熔化温度与纯 RPET 的熔化温度非常接近，这表明混合物具有稳定的热特性。DSC 结果证实，随着 Joncryl® 含量的增加，冷结晶的 Tm1 温度降低，这表明 RPET 和 PA-11 之间的相互作用和混溶性得到改善。TGA 结果表明，Joncryl® 相容剂（尤其是 2 phr）可通过改善混溶性来提高 RPET/PA-11 混合物的热稳定性。经鉴定，2 phr Joncryl® 混合物的性能最为稳定。这项突破性研究凸显了 RPET 在汽车领域的潜力以及聚合物科学的未来发展。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of a new binary accelerator system on curing characteristics and properties of styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates 新型二元促进剂体系对丁苯橡胶硫化胶硫化特性和性能的协同效应

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01344-3

Fahima M. Helaly, Adel A. Koriem, Samaa R. Salem, Sanaa M. El-Sawy, Fikry A. Abdel-Mohdy, Aman I. Khalaf

Enhancing the vulcanization rate of elastomers is a common objective for optimizing their performance. Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was vulcanized employing several conventional systems designed with various amounts of sulfur and activators/accelerators. Herein, it was an attempt to synthesize a copolymer from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA)-(GMA-co-DEAEMA) and study its effect as a secondary accelerator on the curing characteristics and vulcanizate properties of SBR. The copolymer GMA-co-DEAEMA (III) was grafted with three different functional groups (R) including thioglycolic acid, 2-aminothiophenol, and 2-amino-5-mercaptothiazole, to yield III/S/1, IIII/S/2, and III/S/3 copolymers, respectively. The three-modified copolymers with an added conventional accelerator N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) were used to accelerate the efficiency of the vulcanizing agent (sulfur). Additional characterization of the synthesized copolymer and the obtained cured elastomer were carried out through different techniques, including mass and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in addition to the rheological and mechanical studies. The results revealed that all the subject copolymers, when applied as a secondary accelerator for the SBR vulcanization reaction, enhanced the rate and the state of the cross-linking process. The findings of this study eruditely recommended that large rubber articles, like tires, could be cured more efficiently and cost-effectively when employing the presented copolymer as a secondary accelerator.

Graphical abstract

提高弹性体的硫化速度是优化其性能的一个共同目标。丁苯橡胶（SBR）的硫化采用了几种传统体系，这些体系设计了不同数量的硫和活化剂/促进剂。本文尝试合成一种甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）和甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯（DEAEMA）的共聚物（GMA-co-DEAEMA），并研究其作为辅助促进剂对丁苯橡胶硫化特性和硫化性能的影响。共聚物 GMA-co-DEAEMA (III) 接枝了三种不同的官能团 (R)，包括硫代乙醇酸、2-氨基苯硫酚和 2-氨基-5-巯基噻唑，分别得到 III/S/1、III/S/2 和 III/S/3 共聚物。添加了传统促进剂 N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺（CBS）的三种改性共聚物可用于提高硫化剂（硫）的效率。除了流变学和力学研究外，还通过不同的技术对合成的共聚物和获得的固化弹性体进行了表征，包括质谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱以及热重分析（TGA）。研究结果表明，所有受试共聚物在用作 SBR 硫化反应的二级促进剂时，都能提高交联过程的速率和状态。这项研究的结果建议，在使用所介绍的共聚物作为辅助促进剂时，可以更高效、更经济地硫化大型橡胶制品（如轮胎）。

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引用次数: 0

Polylactide/polyvinyl acetate blends containing different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) 含有不同分子量聚乙二醇的聚乳酸/聚醋酸乙烯酯混合物

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01350-5

Wenxi Cheng, Yuanhang Cao, Wei Miao, Yongjian Zhang, Li Tian, Haowei Lin, Weiqiang Song, Yike Zhang, Tao Wang

Polylactide (PLA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blends with different molecular weights of PEG (4000, 10000, and 20000 g/mol) were prepared, and the weight ratio was fixed at 72/18/10 (g/g/g) after the tensile analysis of PLA/PVAc and PLA/PEG blends, and finally the samples were characterized by various methods. The tensile and impact results showed that all the ternary blends were well toughened by PEG, and with the increase of PEG molecular weight, the tensile strength and impact strength increased. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicated that 20% (by weight) of PVAc exceeded its solubility limit with PLA, and therefore the excess PVAc was dispersed as nanoparticles in the matrix. When PEG was added, the insoluble amount of PVAc decreased, indicating that the miscibility between PLA and PVAc could be increased by PEG. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed that T_m optical microscopy results showed that the number and size of PLA spherulites was peak areas of PLA in PLA/PVAc/PEG blends were smaller than that in PLA/PVAc blend, showing that the crystallinity of PLA was decreased with the addition of PEG in the presence of PVAc, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. Polarization was the smallest in PLA/PVAc/PEG blends. All the ternary blends were transparent and had better visible light transmissions than PLA/PVAc blend. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that PLA and its blends had similar thermal stability. Overall, a low-cost PLA-modified material that combined high toughness, strength, and transparency without the need for customization was provided.

Graphical Abstract

制备了不同 PEG 分子量（4000、10000 和 20000 g/mol）的聚乳酸（PLA）/聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc）/聚乙二醇（PEG）共混物，在对聚乳酸/PVAc 和聚乳酸/PEG 共混物进行拉伸分析后，确定重量比为 72/18/10（g/g/g），最后通过各种方法对样品进行了表征。拉伸和冲击结果表明，所有三元共混物都得到了 PEG 的良好增韧，并且随着 PEG 分子量的增加，拉伸强度和冲击强度都有所提高。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析结果表明，20% 的 PVAc（按重量计）超过了其与聚乳酸的溶解极限，因此多余的 PVAc 以纳米颗粒的形式分散在基体中。加入 PEG 后，PVAc 的不溶量减少，这表明 PEG 可以增加聚乳酸与 PVAc 的混溶性。差示扫描量热法结果表明，Tm 光学显微镜结果表明，PLA/PVAc/PEG 共混物中聚乳酸球形颗粒的数量和尺寸、峰面积均小于 PLA/PVAc 共混物，表明在 PVAc 存在下，随着 PEG 的加入，聚乳酸的结晶度降低，X 射线衍射结果也证实了这一点。极化在 PLA/PVAc/PEG 共混物中最小。所有三元共混物都是透明的，其可见光透过率均优于聚乳酸/PVAc 共混物。热重分析结果表明，聚乳酸及其混合物具有相似的热稳定性。总之，这种低成本的聚乳酸改性材料集高韧性、高强度和高透明度于一身，而且无需定制。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-fast setting rate of a new bioactive binder for bone repair 用于骨修复的新型生物活性粘合剂的超快凝固率

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01354-1

Ning Gu, Qingxiao Liu, Qichao Liu, Ying Ren, Xiaodong Liu, Youyi Sun, Yang Cao

Polymer bone binder has attracted lots of attention due to its facile preparation, biodegradability, and so on. However, achieving strong adhesion, easy preparation, and fast setting rate for polymer bone binding is still a great challenge. So, here, a new polymer bone binder is developed and prepared to simultaneously improve setting rate and strength. The bone binder is composed of polyethyleneglycol, ethylhydroacrylate, chitosan, and SiO₂ nanoparticles. It exhibits good biocompatibility and large bonding strength (ca. 2.0 MPa). Furthermore, the bone binder shows an ultra-fast setting rate (ca. 100 s), which is far faster than that reported in previous works. The bone binder is further evaluated to bond chicken bone, which exhibits a high binding force of 2.0 kgf in a short setting time of only 5.0 min. The good biocompatibility and the large bonding strength of the present bone binder are attributed to the green and environmentally friendly composition (e.g., cyanoacrylate, chitosan, polyethyleneglycol and SiO₂ nanoparticles) and cross-linking network between chitosan and SiO₂ nanoparticles. The ultra-fast setting process is attributed to the rapid polymerization of cyanoacrylate and the physical interaction of SiO₂ nanoparticles with chitosan and polyethyleneglycol. The work provides a new method to design and prepare high-performance bone binders for use in bone fracture repair.

Graphical abstract

聚合物骨粘合剂因其制备简便、可生物降解等优点而备受关注。然而，如何实现聚合物骨粘合剂的强粘合性、易制备性和快速凝固率仍然是一个巨大的挑战。因此，本文开发并制备了一种新型聚合物骨粘合剂，以同时提高固化率和强度。该骨粘合剂由聚乙二醇、氢丙烯酸乙酯、壳聚糖和纳米二氧化硅组成。它具有良好的生物相容性和较大的粘合强度（约 2.0 兆帕）。此外，这种骨粘合剂还具有超快的凝固速度（约 100 秒），远远快于之前的研究成果。我们进一步评估了骨粘合剂粘合鸡骨的效果，其粘合力高达 2.0 kgf，而固化时间仅为 5.0 分钟。本骨粘合剂具有良好的生物相容性和较大的粘合力，这归功于其绿色环保的成分（如氰基丙烯酸酯、壳聚糖、聚乙二醇和二氧化硅纳米粒子）以及壳聚糖和二氧化硅纳米粒子之间的交联网络。超快固化过程归功于氰基丙烯酸酯的快速聚合以及二氧化硅纳米粒子与壳聚糖和聚乙二醇的物理相互作用。这项研究为设计和制备用于骨折修复的高性能骨粘合剂提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0