Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

Electrospinning and characterization of lignin nanofibers as pH-responsive hydrogel with antibacterial activity and biocompatibility in biomedical application

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01410-w

Mahsa Kangazian Kangazi, Aliakbar Merati, Majid Montazer, Mahnaz Mahmoudi Rad

Lignin is a biocompatible, biodegradable and renewable biopolymer with macromolecular structure that can be used in production of hydrogel network. The main aim of this research was to electrospin lignin hydrogel in the form of nanofibers by engineering the polymer structure to form stimuli-responsive lignin nanofibers in alkaline pH. For this purpose, a blend of lignin/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and citric acid as a friendly cross-linker were electrospun. SEM images showed the best morphology of nanofibers at lignin/PVA of 98:2 with mean diameters of 215 and 176 nm on the static and rotational drum, respectively. The FTIR spectra and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of networks between the PVA and lignin chains. The produced nanofibers of lignin can classify as a smart nanohydrogel due to the high swelling ratio in alkaline pH. Antibacterial assays confirmed suitable activities against S. aureus and the fungus Candida albicans for the nanofibers with 20% lignin. Further, the cell cytotoxicity against cell fibroblast of the human skin showed reasonable cell viability. Finally, the nanofibers with 20% lignin collected on the rotational drum indicated the higher strength and modulus of elasticity. In conclusion, the fabricated stimuli-responsive hydrogel with 20% lignin showed suitable performance in antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and it displayed good mechanical properties. In addition, due to the repulsive interactions between ionized carboxylic groups under alkaline pH, the swelling occurs. As a result, these nanofibers are potentially applicable in biomedical applications such as wound dressing.

Graphical abstract

木质素是一种具有高分子结构的生物相容性、可生物降解和可再生的生物聚合物，可用于生产水凝胶网络。本研究的主要目的是通过对聚合物结构进行工程设计，在碱性 pH 条件下形成具有刺激响应性的木质素纳米纤维，从而电纺出纳米纤维形式的木质素水凝胶。为此，对木质素/PVA（聚乙烯醇）混合物和作为友好交联剂的柠檬酸进行了电纺丝。扫描电镜图像显示，当木质素/PVA 的比例为 98:2 时，纳米纤维的形态最佳，在静态和旋转转鼓上的平均直径分别为 215 纳米和 176 纳米。傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射证实 PVA 和木质素链之间形成了网络。所制备的木质素纳米纤维在碱性 pH 值下具有很高的溶胀率，因此可归类为智能纳米水凝胶。抗菌试验证实，含 20% 木质素的纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和真菌白色念珠菌具有适当的活性。此外，针对人体皮肤成纤维细胞的细胞毒性试验也显示了合理的细胞存活率。最后，在旋转滚筒上收集的含 20% 木质素的纳米纤维具有更高的强度和弹性模量。总之，含 20% 木质素的刺激响应水凝胶在抗菌活性、细胞毒性方面表现出了适当的性能，并显示出良好的机械性能。此外，在碱性 pH 条件下，由于离子化羧基之间的排斥作用，纳米纤维会发生溶胀。因此，这些纳米纤维有望应用于伤口敷料等生物医学领域。

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引用次数: 0

Copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene over highly active supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts with vanadium active component but different vanadium contents

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01401-x

Zenghui Zhao, Tatiana B. Mikenas, Peng Guan, Mikhail A. Matsko, Vladimir A. Zakharov, Wei Wu

The kinetics of copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene over highly active V-Mg Ziegler–Natta catalysts [VMC: VCl₄/MgCl₂ + Al (i-Bu)₃] at different contents of vanadium (4 and 0.1 wt% of V) was studied. Data on copolymerization ability of these catalysts, molecular weight characteristics, and compositional homogeneity of the produced copolymers were attained. It was found that the introduction of 1-hexene led to broadening of the molecular weight distribution of copolymer (an increase in the M_w/M_n value) relative to homopolyethylene due to a decrease in the molecular weight (M_n) in the region of 1–100 kg mol⁻¹ without changes in the molecular weight in the region of M_n > 500 kg mol⁻¹ for two used VMCs catalysts. This result testified to non-uniformity of the active centers of these catalysts in the chain transfer reaction with participation of 1-hexene. Therefore, the active centers of VMCs producing high-molecular polyethylene were virtually not involved in the chain transfer reaction with 1-hexene. At the same time, these centers were more reactive in the incorporation of 1-hexene. This led to unusual distribution of butyl branches in ethylene–1-hexene copolymers produced over VMCs, namely, to an increased content of butyl branches in the high-molecular fraction of copolymers (M_w > 1000 kg mol⁻¹).

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

High flux and selectivity of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) loose nanofiltration membrane prepared by mussel-inspired co-deposition for dye/salt separation

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01404-8

Mingxing Chen, Tianying Wu, Kailu Yang, Wei Zhang, Xinya Wang

Textile wastewater containing organic dyes and inorganic salts poses significant risks to the water security and human health. Herein, the development of an effective separation membrane for the treatment of dye wastewater is highly desired. In this work, the poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA)/polydopamine (PDA)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) loose nanofiltration (NF) membrane with highly dye wastewater separation efficiency was fabricated using a mussel-inspired co-deposition method with PMIA porous membrane as the substrate. The effect of PEI concentration in the mussel-inspired solution on the structure of PMIA/PDA-PEI membrane was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle, and Zeta potential analysis. The separation performance for dye and salt molecules of PMIA/PDA-PEI membrane with varied PEI concentration was also evaluated comprehensively. The results demonstrated that the content of PEI can be used to regulate the structure and performance of the PMIA/PDA-PEI loose NF membrane. When the PEI content was 0.25 g L⁻¹, the prepared PMIA/PDA-PEI loose NF membrane exhibited excellent dye rejection for Congo red and outstanding water flux, while the salt rejection was comparatively low. Meanwhile, the prepared PMIA/PDA-PEI loose NF membranes showed excellent stability under different testing conditions. These results indicated that PMIA/PDA-PEI loose NF membrane is promising in dye wastewater treatment and has potential for practical applications.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

A new granule extrusion-based for 3D printing of POE: studying the effect of printing parameters on mechanical properties with “response surface methodology”

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01405-7

Gao Xiangyu, Tianqi Yao, Fanru Gao, Yixue Chen, Xiangzhou Jian, Haowei Ma

Printing elastomers face major challenges due to properties such as high melt strength, high shrinkage rate, and the potential for buckling during printing. This paper introduces the first use of pellet extrusion-based “fused deposition modeling” (FDM) for directly printing polyolefin elastomers (POE). In addition, the impact of critical parameters in this printing process (speed, nozzle temperature, and diameter) was investigated using Box–Behnken design (BBD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that most factors had P values below 0.05, indicating their significant influence on the results. The P values for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and modulus of elasticity model were 0.0118, 0.0001, and 0.007, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated UTS values ranging from 2.76 to 4.88 MPa and elongation values ranging from 1575 to 2788%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of fracture cross-sections showed acceptable quality of printed samples, although the upper layers of the bed exhibited noticeable shrinkage. Increasing the speed and reducing the nozzle temperature can effectively decrease the cooling rate, enhancing adhesion quality and reducing microholes, as long as it does not negatively impact the feeding rate. These findings, which demonstrate the ability to print high-quality elastomeric parts and overcome printing limitations, have the potential to attract more attention and expand the printing of functional elastomers in various fields.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Modified radiopaque polyetheretherketone implants: in vitro and in vivo study

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01407-5

Arzu Erol, Baki Hazer, Emrah Keskin, Çağdaş Özdemir, Bengisu Yöney, Emine Derin

The study aims to enhance the radiopacity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in medical imaging by chemically modifying it with 4-iodobenzoic acid derivatives to broaden its biomedical applications. In this regard, a radiopaque derivative of PEEK was prepared with chain modification, which makes it possible to preserve the biocompatibility properties of PEEK and also increase the polymer hydrophilicity and the number of reactive functional groups that can act as potential anchors. Synthesized radioactive polymer characterization was performed by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and X-ray analyzing techniques. The characterized radiopaque PEEK polymer was implanted under the skin and muscle of the rat. The biological response status was evaluated by observing the radiological traceability and tissue reactions of the implants. Characterization studies have confirmed the successful modification of PEEK, resulting in radiopacity without contamination. Radiopaque PEEK derivatives (PEEK–I) demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and nontoxicity, with no inflammation occurring at the surgical site after a 20-day post-implantation observation period. SEM analysis further confirmed cellular adhesion and the compatibility of the biomaterial with biological systems. The newly synthesized PEEK–I polymer, featuring enhanced X-ray visibility and biocompatibility, can significantly advance imaging studies in medical applications. The novel biocompatible radiopaque PEEK, synthesized for the first time by our working group, will be an incredibly attractive and groundbreaking biomaterial in studies where radiological imaging is actively used, such as dental and spine surgery.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite polymer composite foam 聚丙烯/蒙脱土聚合物复合泡沫的力学、形态和热性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01395-6

Elif Ulutas, Munir Tasdemir, Nurefsan Kuvvet, Omer Faruk Korkmaz, Muhammed Cuma Duran

The escalating utilization of plastic materials, coupled with advancements in technology, has propelled the plastics industry into a state of continual evolution. However, the rapid technological progress has also exacerbated issues such as environmental pollution and global warming, primarily due to the excessive consumption of raw materials. These environmental challenges have increasingly constrained the growth of the manufacturing sector. In the polymer world, polymer foams, characterized by a high percentage of pores within their structure, have emerged as a new-generation solution for reducing raw material consumption. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle-filled polypropylene (PP)-based polymer composite foams. The original contribution of this study lies in the production and characterization processes of polymer composite foams developed using PP as the matrix material and MMT nano clay as the additive. Optimizing these processes aims to contribute to environmental sustainability goals by reducing raw material consumption. PP/Montmorillonite (MMT) foams were synthesized through melt blending, employing a chemical blowing agent (CBA) and conventional twin-screw extrusion techniques. The resulting composite foams were evaluated for various properties, including density, cell characteristics (such as cell size and cell density), stiffness, thermal properties, and mechanical strength. The presence of microcells within the polymer matrix positively influenced the density of the PP/MMT composite foams. It was observed that tensile properties diminished with increasing content of the blowing agent. The lowest foam density achieved in this study was 0.83 g/cm³. Among the samples, the 3PP/MMT polymer foam exhibited the smallest average cell size (approximately 2 μm) and the highest density (0,87 g/cm³). Nano clay addition generally enhances modulus and strength, while CBA incorporation tends to decrease them. Moreover, elongation at break decreases significantly with increasing CBA and MMT content.

Graphical abstract

塑料材料的不断升级的利用，再加上技术的进步，推动了塑料工业进入不断发展的状态。然而，快速的技术进步也加剧了环境污染和全球变暖等问题，主要原因是原材料的过度消耗。这些环境挑战日益制约着制造业的发展。在聚合物领域，聚合物泡沫的特点是其结构中含有高比例的孔隙，已成为减少原材料消耗的新一代解决方案。本研究旨在开发纳米颗粒填充聚丙烯（PP）基聚合物复合泡沫材料。本研究的原创性贡献在于以PP为基体材料，以MMT纳米粘土为添加剂研制的聚合物复合泡沫的制备和表征工艺。优化这些过程旨在通过减少原材料消耗来实现环境可持续性目标。采用化学发泡剂（CBA）和常规双螺杆挤出技术，通过熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土（MMT）泡沫材料。所得到的复合泡沫的各种性能进行了评估，包括密度、细胞特性（如细胞尺寸和细胞密度）、刚度、热性能和机械强度。聚合物基体中微孔的存在对PP/MMT复合泡沫的密度有积极的影响。拉伸性能随发泡剂含量的增加而降低。在本研究中获得的最低泡沫密度为0.83 g/cm3。其中，3PP/MMT聚合物泡沫的平均孔尺寸最小（约2 μm），密度最高（0.87 g/cm3）。纳米粘土的加入普遍提高了材料的模量和强度，而CBA的掺入则有降低模量和强度的趋势。随着CBA和MMT含量的增加，断裂伸长率显著降低。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Biocomposites derived from esterified rice starch reinforced with microcellulose fiber

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01400-y

Hanee Katong, Lapporn Vayachuta, Saowapa Chotisuwan, Jareerat Ruamcharoen

Bio-based composites have garnered significant attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Therefore, novel bio-based composites were developed by reinforcing microcellulose fiber (MCF) from rice straw in esterified rice starch. Two native rice starches, i.e. Mao-Noh (MN) and Majanu (MJ), were modified using a dry method with maleic anhydride (MA) as an esterifying agent, resulting in MA-modified starches, namely MAMN and MAMJ. Subsequently, MAMN and MAMJ were blended with varying amounts of microcellulose fiber. It was found that the biocomposite films from both esterified rice starches exhibited translucency. The moisture content, water vapor transmission, and water solubility of the biocomposite films decreased with increasing amounts of MCF. Tensile tests on the biocomposite films revealed that the tensile strength and modulus values tended to increase with higher MCF content. The maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus values for biocomposite films with 10% (by weight) of MCF was found. However, when the MCF content was increased to 15% (by weight), the strength and Young’s modulus decreased. This confirmed the effective dispersion of MCF in the esterified starch and a strong interface interaction between cellulose fibers and modified starch, as revealed by SEM analysis. Furthermore, upon adding MCF to the esterified starch, the intensity of positions corresponding to the crystalline structure of ES and MCF was observed, correlating with the MCF content.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the impact of particle size on the physio-mechanical properties of eco-friendly polymer composites

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01402-w

B. Adaveesh, Vishwas Mahesh, M. Rakesh, H. R. Nithin, S. M. Channabasavaradhya, I. G. Disha

This study delves into the influence of particle-size variation on the physio-mechanical properties of rubber crumb-reinforced sustainable polymer composites, a burgeoning area of research driven by the increasing demand for eco-friendly materials across industries. Sustainable polymer composites, renowned for their environmental benefits, are poised for widespread adoption owing to their versatility in diverse applications. The integration of rubber crumb, derived from recycled tires, not only enhances sustainability but also augments the performance of these composites. However, the impact of rubber crumb particle size on composite properties remains relatively unexplored. Through systematic experimentation, polymer composites with varying rubber-crumb particle sizes were fabricated, followed by comprehensive mechanical characterization encompassing tensile, flexural, and impact testing. Morphologic analysis via scanning electron microscopy provided crucial insights into the microstructure of the composites. The results indicate that the density and hardness of composite with 60 wt.% of rubber crumbs and particle size of 850 μm reduced by 10.95% and 25.73%, respectively, compared to composite with 20-wt.% rubber crumb and 212-μm particle size. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of composite with 40 wt.% of rubber crumbs and particle size of 212 μm are found to be 83.49%, 65.85% and 79.82% higher, respectively, compared to the composite with the lowest strengths. These findings unravel the intricate interplay between particle size and composite behavior, offering invaluable guidance for optimizing material design and manufacturing processes in the realm of sustainable composite development. Such advancements hold promise for revolutionizing industries including automotive, construction, and consumer goods, driving forward environmental sustainability and resource efficiency initiatives.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Copolyamides of poly(terephthaloyl hexylenediamine) synthesis: a comparative study of mechanical and thermal properties

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01403-9

Yuhao Yang, Zejun Pu, Chihan Meng, Jiachun Zhong, Jiahong Pang, Kaijie Yang, Mengjie Yue, Fang Wu

Semi-aromatic polyamides have excellent comprehensive properties and can effectively adjust thermodynamic properties through monomer composition and ratio to meet different application requirements. Therefore, in this study, two copolyamides (PA6T/66 and PA6T/610) were synthesized by one-pot method and their thermal and mechanical properties were subsequently analyzed and compared. Firstly, the chemical compositions and microstructures of the two copolyamides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H NMR), wide-field X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized ophthalmic microscopy (POM), and the viscosities [η] of the specimens were tested. Secondly, the heat resistance of the two copolyamides was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Subsequently, the mechanical strength of the two copolyamides was evaluated. The FTIR, NMR and XRD results show that the molecular structure and crystal morphology of the two copolyamides are highly similar, which may prove the success of the target products. The TG results show that the heat resistance of the two copolyamides is very good, with the extrapolated initial decomposition temperature above 430 °C, and PA6T/66 has better heat resistance. The DSC results show that PA6T/66 has a higher melting and glass transition temperature. The mechanical test results show that PA6T/66 has greater tensile and flexural strengths of 70 MPa and 110 MPa, respectively, while PA6T/610 has better impact toughness. The above comparative results can be extended to determine the differences in performance between long-chain and short-chain polyamides, which can provide a reference for future related research.

Graphical abstract

{"title":"Copolyamides of poly(terephthaloyl hexylenediamine) synthesis: a comparative study of mechanical and thermal properties","authors":"Yuhao Yang, Zejun Pu, Chihan Meng, Jiachun Zhong, Jiahong Pang, Kaijie Yang, Mengjie Yue, Fang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01403-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01403-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semi-aromatic polyamides have excellent comprehensive properties and can effectively adjust thermodynamic properties through monomer composition and ratio to meet different application requirements. Therefore, in this study, two copolyamides (PA6T/66 and PA6T/610) were synthesized by one-pot method and their thermal and mechanical properties were subsequently analyzed and compared. Firstly, the chemical compositions and microstructures of the two copolyamides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR), wide-field X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized ophthalmic microscopy (POM), and the viscosities [η] of the specimens were tested. Secondly, the heat resistance of the two copolyamides was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Subsequently, the mechanical strength of the two copolyamides was evaluated. The FTIR, NMR and XRD results show that the molecular structure and crystal morphology of the two copolyamides are highly similar, which may prove the success of the target products. The TG results show that the heat resistance of the two copolyamides is very good, with the extrapolated initial decomposition temperature above 430 °C, and PA6T/66 has better heat resistance. The DSC results show that PA6T/66 has a higher melting and glass transition temperature. The mechanical test results show that PA6T/66 has greater tensile and flexural strengths of 70 MPa and 110 MPa, respectively, while PA6T/610 has better impact toughness. The above comparative results can be extended to determine the differences in performance between long-chain and short-chain polyamides, which can provide a reference for future related research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 5","pages":"727 - 738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering gypsum reuse through green composites development and the effect of three different bioplasticizers on their properties

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01393-8

Grecia G. Colina, Alana G. Souza, Derval S. Rosa, Éder B. da Silveira, Ticiane S. Valera, Hélio Wiebeck

Starting from post-consumer gypsum, green composites have been produced by melt-blending polylactic acid (PLA), anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) filler, and bioplasticizers (coconut oil, cardanol, and epoxidized soybean oil) to solve the actual problem of poor performance and low production efficiency of biocomposites—such as poor properties and tendency to agglomerate. The dehydration of gypsum residues was studied by grinding and calcining them at 500 °C for 1 h and 3 h, and it was observed that only the sample calcined for 3 h (GR3) was completely dehydrated. The composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests of tensile, flexural, and impact strength. The results showed that the gypsum fillers increased PLA’s toughness, and the compositions with coconut oil (PLA–RG3–COC) and epoxidized soybean oil (PLA–RG3–ESO) obtained increases in stiffness and toughness, observed by changes in Young’s modulus (from 2 up to 2.5 GPa) and strain at break (from 3 up to 40%), respectively. Gypsum fillers promoted the shift of degradation temperature for higher temperatures (~ 360 °C), and the addition of the bioplasticizers slightly influenced the thermal stability of the composites. A plasticizing effect on the decreasing glass transition temperature of the composites was observed with the addition of coconut oil, cardanol, and epoxidized soybean oil. The developed composites cover new advanced materials to revolutionize conventional PLA-residue composites, bolster sustainability, and enhance their applicability.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0