Can perpetrators discern survivors from voice?

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY European Journal of Psychotraumatology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI:10.1080/20008066.2024.2358681
Elisa Monti, Wendy D'Andrea, Linda M Carroll, Katherine Norton, Noga Miron, Olivia Resto, Kayla Toscano, John Williams, David Harris, Laurel Irene, Anne Maass
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Abstract

Background: Research has shown that potential perpetrators and individuals high in psychopathic traits tend to body language cues to target a potential new victim. However, whether targeting occurs also by tending to vocal cues has not been examined. Thus, the role of voice in interpersonal violence merits investigation.Objective: In two studies, we examined whether perpetrators could differentiate female speakers with and without sexual and physical assault histories (presented as rating the degree of 'vulnerability' to victimization).Methods: Two samples of male listeners (sample one N = 105, sample two, N = 109) participated. Each sample rated 18 voices (9 survivors and 9 controls). Listener sample one heard spontaneous speech, and listener sample two heard the second sentence of a standardized passage. Listeners' self-reported psychopathic traits and history of previous perpetration were measured.Results: Across both samples, history of perpetration (but not psychopathy) predicted accuracy in distinguishing survivors of assault.Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential role of voice in prevention and intervention. Gaining a further understanding of what voice cues are associated with accuracy in discerning survivors can also help us understand whether or not specialized voice training could have a role in self-defense practices.

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犯罪者能从声音中辨别出幸存者吗?
背景:研究表明,潜在施暴者和具有高度变态特质的人倾向于通过肢体语言线索来锁定潜在的新受害者。然而,是否也会通过倾向于声音线索来锁定目标尚未进行研究。因此,声音在人际暴力中的作用值得研究:在两项研究中,我们考察了施暴者是否能区分有无性侵犯和身体侵犯史的女性说话者(表现为对受害 "脆弱 "程度的评分):两个男性听众样本(样本一,N = 105;样本二,N = 109)参与了研究。每个样本对 18 个声音(9 个幸存者和 9 个对照组)进行评分。听者样本一听到的是自发讲话,听者样本二听到的是标准段落的第二句。对听者自我报告的心理变态特征和以前的犯罪史进行了测量:结果:在两个样本中,犯罪史(而非心理变态)预测了区分攻击幸存者的准确性:这些发现凸显了声音在预防和干预中的潜在作用。进一步了解哪些声音线索与辨别幸存者的准确性有关,也有助于我们了解专门的声音训练是否能在自卫实践中发挥作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
12.00%
发文量
153
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) is a peer-reviewed open access interdisciplinary journal owned by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS). The European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) aims to engage scholars, clinicians and researchers in the vital issues of how to understand, prevent and treat the consequences of stress and trauma, including but not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive disorders, substance abuse, burnout, and neurobiological or physical consequences, using the latest research or clinical experience in these areas. The journal shares ESTSS’ mission to advance and disseminate scientific knowledge about traumatic stress. Papers may address individual events, repeated or chronic (complex) trauma, large scale disasters, or violence. Being open access, the European Journal of Psychotraumatology is also evidence of ESTSS’ stand on free accessibility of research publications to a wider community via the web. The European Journal of Psychotraumatology seeks to attract contributions from academics and practitioners from diverse professional backgrounds, including, but not restricted to, those in mental health, social sciences, and health and welfare services. Contributions from outside Europe are welcome. The journal welcomes original basic and clinical research articles that consolidate and expand the theoretical and professional basis of the field of traumatic stress; Review articles including meta-analyses; short communications presenting new ideas or early-stage promising research; study protocols that describe proposed or ongoing research; case reports examining a single individual or event in a real‑life context; clinical practice papers sharing experience from the clinic; letters to the Editor debating articles already published in the Journal; inaugural Lectures; conference abstracts and book reviews. Both quantitative and qualitative research is welcome.
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