Rewetting effects on nitrogen cycling and nutrient export from coastal peatlands to the Baltic Sea

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biogeochemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI:10.1007/s10533-024-01149-9
Anne Breznikar, Daniel L. Pönisch, Marvin Lorenz, Gerald Jurasinski, Gregor Rehder, Maren Voss
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Abstract

Coastal nutrient loads from point sources such as rivers are mostly well-monitored. This is not the case for diffuse nutrient inputs from coastal catchments unconnected to rivers, despite the potential for high inputs due to intensive land use. The German Baltic Sea coastline consists of numerous peatlands that have been diked and drained. However, some of the dikes have been removed in order to re-establish the hydrological connection to the Baltic Sea, restore local biodiversity, and promote natural CO2 uptake. Since these peatlands were used for agriculture, their rewetting may release accumulated nutrients, leading to nutrient export into the Baltic Sea and intensified coastal eutrophication. Data on these potential nutrient exports are mostly lacking. Therefore, this study investigated nutrient exports from two former agricultural, coastal peatlands: Drammendorfer Wiesen, rewetted in 2019, and Karrendorfer Wiesen, rewetted in 1993. Nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4+, PO43–), nitrous oxide (N2O), particulate organic matter (POM, comprising POC and PON; δ13C-POC), chlorophyll-a, and nitrification rates were analyzed in surface water and porewater sampled weekly to monthly in 2019 and 2020 to compare the effects of different time scales after rewetting on nutrient cycling and potential exports. NH4+, NO2, and PO43− concentrations were higher in the porewater than in the overlying water at both sites, while nutrient concentrations were generally higher at the recently rewetted Drammendorfer Wiesen than at the Karrendorfer Wiesen. NO3 concentrations in porewater, however, were lower than in the overlying water, indicating NO3 retention within the peat, likely due to denitrification. Nitrification rates and N2O concentrations were generally low, except for a high N2O peak immediately after rewetting. These results suggest that denitrification was the dominant process of N2O production at the study sites. Both peatlands exported nutrients to their adjacent bays of the Baltic Sea; however, N exports were 75% lower in the longer-rewetted peatland. Compared to major Baltic Sea rivers, both sites exported larger area-normalized nutrient loads. Our study highlights the need to monitor the impact of rewetting measures over time to obtain accurate estimates of nutrient exports, better assess negative effects on coastal waters, and to improve peatland management.

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复湿对沿岸泥炭地向波罗的海的氮循环和养分输出的影响
来自河流等点源的沿岸营养盐负荷大多得到了很好的监测。但来自与河流不相连的沿海集水区的扩散营养盐输入却不是这样,尽管集约化的土地利用可能会导致大量的营养盐输入。德国波罗的海沿岸有许多泥炭地,这些泥炭地已被围堤和排水。不过,为了重建与波罗的海的水文联系、恢复当地的生物多样性并促进二氧化碳的自然吸收,部分堤坝已被拆除。由于这些泥炭地曾被用于农业,它们的复湿可能会释放出累积的营养物质,导致营养物质向波罗的海输出并加剧沿岸富营养化。有关这些潜在养分输出的数据大多缺乏。因此,本研究调查了两个前农用沿海泥炭地的养分输出情况:Drammendorfer Wiesen 于 2019 年复湿,Karrendorfer Wiesen 于 1993 年复湿。分析了2019年和2020年每周至每月采样的地表水和孔隙水中的养分(NO3-、NO2-、NH4+、PO43-)、一氧化二氮(N2O)、颗粒有机物(POM,包括POC和PON;δ13C-POC)、叶绿素-a和硝化率,以比较复湿后不同时间尺度对养分循环和潜在输出的影响。在这两个地点,孔隙水中的 NH4+、NO2- 和 PO43- 浓度均高于上层水,而最近复湿的 Drammendorfer Wiesen 的养分浓度普遍高于 Karrendorfer Wiesen。不过,孔隙水中的 NO3- 浓度低于上覆水中的 NO3-浓度,这表明泥炭中 NO3- 的保留可能是由于反硝化作用造成的。硝化率和一氧化二氮浓度普遍较低,只是在复湿后立即出现了一个较高的一氧化二氮峰值。这些结果表明,反硝化作用是研究地点产生 N2O 的主要过程。两块泥炭地都向波罗的海的邻近海湾输出营养物质;但是,复湿时间较长的泥炭地的氮输出量要低 75%。与波罗的海的主要河流相比,这两个地点输出的面积归一化营养负荷更大。我们的研究突出表明,有必要对复湿措施的影响进行长期监测,以获得营养物质输出的准确估计值,更好地评估对沿岸水域的负面影响,并改善泥炭地管理。
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来源期刊
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
112
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: Biogeochemistry publishes original and synthetic papers dealing with biotic controls on the chemistry of the environment, or with the geochemical control of the structure and function of ecosystems. Cycles are considered, either of individual elements or of specific classes of natural or anthropogenic compounds in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is given to coupled interactions of element cycles. The journal spans from the molecular to global scales to elucidate the mechanisms driving patterns in biogeochemical cycles through space and time. Studies on both natural and artificial ecosystems are published when they contribute to a general understanding of biogeochemistry.
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