Distribution and Composition Patterns of Snow Cover within the Landscapes of Chashnikovo

A. N. Vartanov, L. G. Bogatyrev, V. A. Kuznetsov, Ph. I. Zemskov, N. I. Zhilin, V. M. Telesnina, D. A. Zhulidova, A. I. Benediktova, M. M. Karpukhin, M. S. Kadulin, V. V. Demin
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Abstract

The depth and reserves of snow cover, as well as chemical composition of the snow, have been investigated in the landscape of the upper reaches of the Klyazma River (Solnechnogorsk raion, Moscow oblast). Determination of the component composition of the snow cover was based on the geochemical taxonomy of chemical elements according to characteristics of their water migration ability and abundance. Data from 23 snow sampling points have been interpolated in SAGA GIS using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. On this basis, zones differing in the chemical composition of snow have been identified. One of the zones is confined to the Moscow–St. Petersburg M-10 highway, while the second borders on populated areas. The highway-adjacent area is characterized by increased levels of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and chloride ions in the snow cover. The second zone, which is adjacent to populated areas, is characterized by a high content of calcium, copper, and manganese in the snow. The third zone is characterized by low concentrations of components in the snow, which is typical for a superaquatic landscape due to the distance from sources of pollution.

According to their composition, the studied snow waters belong to the bicarbonate–sodium–calcium–chloride class. It has been shown that the depth and reserves of snow cover are partially controlled by two factors: the type of elementary landscape and the type of ecosystem. The spatial distribution of elements and anions in snow is predominantly controlled by the anthropogenic factor.

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查什尼科沃地貌中积雪的分布和构成模式
摘要 在克里亚兹马河上游(莫斯科州索尔涅奇诺戈尔斯克区)的地貌中调查了积雪的深度和储量,以及积雪的化学成分。根据化学元素的水迁移能力和丰度特征进行地球化学分类,确定了积雪的成分组成。在 SAGA GIS 中使用反距离加权法(IDW)对 23 个积雪采样点的数据进行了内插。在此基础上,确定了雪的化学成分差异区。其中一个区域仅限于莫斯科至圣彼得堡的 M-10 高速公路,而第二个区域则与人口稠密地区接壤。高速公路附近地区的特点是雪层中钙、钠、铝和氯离子含量增加。第二个区域毗邻人口稠密地区,其特点是积雪中钙、铜和锰的含量较高。第三个区域的特点是雪中的成分浓度较低,由于远离污染源,这是典型的超水生地貌。根据其成分,所研究的雪水属于重碳酸盐-钠-钙-氯化物类。研究表明,积雪的深度和储量部分受两个因素控制:基本地貌类型和生态系统类型。雪中元素和阴离子的空间分布主要受人为因素控制。
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