On the Temperatures of Aerodynamic Heating of Spherical Microparticles Modeling Microbiological Objects Entering the Earth’s Atmosphere at Cosmic Velocities

IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Cosmic Research Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.1134/s001095252460029x
E. K. Kolesnikov, S. V. Chernov
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Abstract

A mathematical model has been developed describing the motion in near–Earth space (NES) and aerodynamic heating upon entry into the atmosphere of spherical microparticles of carbon (graphite) with radii from 0.5 to 3 μm, modeling spores of terrestrial bacteria, as well as spores of hypothetical bacteria of extraterrestrial origin. The model is based on a joint numerical solution of the equations of motion in the NES of the specified model microbiological object (MBO) and the heat balance equation describing the change in the internal energy of the MBO. The calculated data obtained show that the maximum temperatures of aerodynamic heating of spores of terrestrial bacteria separating from the surfaces of large low-orbit objects of artificial origin are significantly lower than the maximum temperature of survival of spores of terrestrial bacteria during pulsed heating. In addition, the results of numerical experiments give grounds for the assumption that the spores of hypothetical extraterrestrial bacteria with a size of no more than 1 μm are able to withstand aerodynamic heating when entering the Earth’s atmosphere at speeds greater than both the second and third cosmic speeds.

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论以宇宙速度进入地球大气层的微生物物体模型球形微粒的空气动力加热温度
摘要 建立了一个数学模型,描述半径为 0.5 至 3 μm 的球形碳(石墨)微粒在近地空 间(NES)的运动和进入大气层时的空气动力加热,该模型模拟了陆地细菌的孢 子以及假定的地外细菌孢子。该模型基于对指定微生物模型(MBO)的 NES 运动方程和描述 MBO 内能变化的热平衡方程的联合数值求解。所获得的计算数据表明,从人造大型低轨道物体表面分离出来的陆地细菌孢子的空气动力加热最高温度明显低于脉冲加热期间陆地细菌孢子存活的最高温度。此外,数值实验的结果使人们有理由假设,大小不超过 1 μm 的假想地外细菌孢子在以大于第二和第三宇宙速度的速度进入地球大气层时,能够承受空气动力加热。
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来源期刊
Cosmic Research
Cosmic Research 地学天文-工程:宇航
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
33.30%
发文量
41
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Cosmic Research publishes scientific papers covering all subjects of space science and technology, including the following: ballistics, flight dynamics of the Earth’s artificial satellites and automatic interplanetary stations; problems of transatmospheric descent; design and structure of spacecraft and scientific research instrumentation; life support systems and radiation safety of manned spacecrafts; exploration of the Earth from Space; exploration of near space; exploration of the Sun, planets, secondary planets, and interplanetary medium; exploration of stars, nebulae, interstellar medium, galaxies, and quasars from spacecraft; and various astrophysical problems related to space exploration. A chronicle of scientific events and other notices concerning the main topics of the journal are also presented.
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