Varieties of gratitude: Identifying patterns of emotional responses to positive experiences attributed to God, karma, and human benefactors.

IF 6.4 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI:10.1037/pspa0000398

Cindel J M White, Kathryn A Johnson, Behnam Mirbozorgi, Graziela Farias Martelli

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Abstract

Good fortune can be attributed to many sources, including other people, personal efforts, and various theistic and nontheistic supernatural forces (e.g., God, karma). Four studies (total N = 4,579) of religiously diverse samples from the United States and the United Kingdom investigated the distinct emotional reactions to recalled positive experiences attributed to natural and supernatural benefactors. We found that the hallmarks of interpersonal gratitude (e.g., thankfulness, admiration, indebtedness) were reported when believers attributed their good fortune to a personal, benevolent God. However, a distinct emotional profile arose when participants attributed good fortune to the process of karmic payback, which was associated with relatively less gratitude but with higher scores for feelings of pride and deservingness. These results were partially explained by participants' attributions of positive experiences to an external agent (e.g., God) versus a universal law or internal factors as in the case of karma. We conclude that diverse spiritual beliefs influence causal attributions for good fortune, which, in turn, predict distinct emotional responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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感恩的多样性：识别对归因于上帝、因果报应和人类恩人的积极经历的情绪反应模式。

好运可以归因于很多方面，包括他人、个人努力以及各种有神论和非有神论的超自然力量（如上帝、因果报应）。来自美国和英国的四项研究（总人数 = 4,579 人）对不同宗教信仰的样本进行了调查，研究了人们在回忆归因于自然和超自然恩人的积极经历时的不同情绪反应。我们发现，当信徒们把自己的好运气归功于个人的仁慈上帝时，他们会表现出人际感恩的特征（如感激、钦佩、亏欠）。然而，当参与者把好运归因于因果报应的过程时，就会产生一种独特的情感特征，这种情感特征与相对较少的感激之情有关，但与较高的自豪感和应得感得分有关。这些结果的部分原因是，参与者将积极的经历归因于外部因素（如上帝），而不是像因果报应那样归因于普遍规律或内部因素。我们的结论是，不同的精神信仰会影响对好运的因果归因，进而预测不同的情绪反应。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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来源期刊

Journal of personality and social psychology PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

3.90%

发文量

250

期刊介绍： Journal of personality and social psychology publishes original papers in all areas of personality and social psychology and emphasizes empirical reports, but may include specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers.Journal of personality and social psychology is divided into three independently edited sections. Attitudes and Social Cognition addresses all aspects of psychology (e.g., attitudes, cognition, emotion, motivation) that take place in significant micro- and macrolevel social contexts.