{"title":"A three-layer evapotranspiration model considering the vertical structure of urban green spaces","authors":"Qiong Li , Qi Li , Jiayi Mi , Haotian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban green spaces with complex vertical vegetation structures typically have higher capacities for microclimate regulation. The vertical structure comprising \"tree + shrub + soil\" is a common feature in urban green spaces. The Penman–Monteith and Shuttleworth–Wallace models estimate the evapotranspiration (ET) from trees and soil only, but they do not account for the contribution of shrubs, thereby leading to underestimation of the ecosystem ET. We developed a three-layer model of the vertical structure comprising \"tree + shrub + soil\" in urban green spaces and its impacts on ecosystem ET. The three-layer model was validated based on data measurements, showing that the root mean square errors of latent heat flux for tree, shrub, and soil were 31.0 W·m<sup>–2</sup>, 21.3 W·m<sup>–2</sup>, and 19.1 W·m<sup>–2</sup>, respectively. The uncertainty of parameters can significantly affect the model’s performance when estimating ET and its components. Sensitivity analysis showed that meteorological parameters, bulk stomatal resistance, and soil surface resistance played important roles in ET estimation using the three-layer model, and these sensitivity coefficients were also influenced by the meteorological conditions and vegetation canopy structure. The three-layer model enhances our understanding of ET in urban green spaces, aiding in their management and planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866724001870","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Urban green spaces with complex vertical vegetation structures typically have higher capacities for microclimate regulation. The vertical structure comprising "tree + shrub + soil" is a common feature in urban green spaces. The Penman–Monteith and Shuttleworth–Wallace models estimate the evapotranspiration (ET) from trees and soil only, but they do not account for the contribution of shrubs, thereby leading to underestimation of the ecosystem ET. We developed a three-layer model of the vertical structure comprising "tree + shrub + soil" in urban green spaces and its impacts on ecosystem ET. The three-layer model was validated based on data measurements, showing that the root mean square errors of latent heat flux for tree, shrub, and soil were 31.0 W·m–2, 21.3 W·m–2, and 19.1 W·m–2, respectively. The uncertainty of parameters can significantly affect the model’s performance when estimating ET and its components. Sensitivity analysis showed that meteorological parameters, bulk stomatal resistance, and soil surface resistance played important roles in ET estimation using the three-layer model, and these sensitivity coefficients were also influenced by the meteorological conditions and vegetation canopy structure. The three-layer model enhances our understanding of ET in urban green spaces, aiding in their management and planning.
期刊介绍:
Urban Forestry and Urban Greening is a refereed, international journal aimed at presenting high-quality research with urban and peri-urban woody and non-woody vegetation and its use, planning, design, establishment and management as its main topics. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening concentrates on all tree-dominated (as joint together in the urban forest) as well as other green resources in and around urban areas, such as woodlands, public and private urban parks and gardens, urban nature areas, street tree and square plantations, botanical gardens and cemeteries.
The journal welcomes basic and applied research papers, as well as review papers and short communications. Contributions should focus on one or more of the following aspects:
-Form and functions of urban forests and other vegetation, including aspects of urban ecology.
-Policy-making, planning and design related to urban forests and other vegetation.
-Selection and establishment of tree resources and other vegetation for urban environments.
-Management of urban forests and other vegetation.
Original contributions of a high academic standard are invited from a wide range of disciplines and fields, including forestry, biology, horticulture, arboriculture, landscape ecology, pathology, soil science, hydrology, landscape architecture, landscape planning, urban planning and design, economics, sociology, environmental psychology, public health, and education.