{"title":"Etiopathology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal Keratitis","authors":"Amol Chhatrapati Bisen, Sachin Nashik Sanap, Sristi Agrawal, Arpon Biswas, Anjali Mishra, Sarvesh Kumar Verma, Vaishali Singh and Rabi Sankar Bhatta*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe ocular condition resulting from corneal infection that is prevalent in tropical countries, particularly in developing regions of Asia and Africa. Factors like corneal lens misuse, inappropriate steroid use, and diagnostic challenges have provoked the epidemic. FK causes significant vision impairment, scarring, and ocular deformities. Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic intervention. Topical antifungal therapy with surface healing medications proves effective in preventing fungal-borne ulcers. Managing FK requires a comprehensive understanding of fungal pathogenesis, guiding formulation strategies and preventive measures to curb global ocular blindness. This review provides in-depth insights into FK, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, antifungal resistance, limitations, prevention, and future perspectives on ocular surface disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17,"journal":{"name":"ACS Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Infectious Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00203","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe ocular condition resulting from corneal infection that is prevalent in tropical countries, particularly in developing regions of Asia and Africa. Factors like corneal lens misuse, inappropriate steroid use, and diagnostic challenges have provoked the epidemic. FK causes significant vision impairment, scarring, and ocular deformities. Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic intervention. Topical antifungal therapy with surface healing medications proves effective in preventing fungal-borne ulcers. Managing FK requires a comprehensive understanding of fungal pathogenesis, guiding formulation strategies and preventive measures to curb global ocular blindness. This review provides in-depth insights into FK, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, antifungal resistance, limitations, prevention, and future perspectives on ocular surface disease management.
真菌性角膜炎(FK)是一种由角膜感染引起的严重眼部疾病,在热带国家,尤其是亚洲和非洲的发展中地区十分流行。角膜塑形镜滥用、类固醇使用不当以及诊断难题等因素引发了这一流行病。FK 会导致严重的视力损伤、疤痕和眼部畸形。准确的病理诊断对于有效的治疗干预至关重要。使用表面愈合药物进行局部抗真菌治疗可有效预防真菌引起的溃疡。治疗 FK 需要全面了解真菌的致病机理,以指导制剂策略和预防措施,从而遏制全球眼盲的发生。本综述深入探讨了 FK 的病因、流行病学、发病机制、治疗干预、抗真菌耐药性、局限性、预防以及眼表疾病管理的未来展望。
期刊介绍:
ACS Infectious Diseases will be the first journal to highlight chemistry and its role in this multidisciplinary and collaborative research area. The journal will cover a diverse array of topics including, but not limited to:
* Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents — identified through target- or phenotypic-based approaches as well as compounds that induce synergy with antimicrobials.
* Characterization and validation of drug target or pathways — use of single target and genome-wide knockdown and knockouts, biochemical studies, structural biology, new technologies to facilitate characterization and prioritization of potential drug targets.
* Mechanism of drug resistance — fundamental research that advances our understanding of resistance; strategies to prevent resistance.
* Mechanisms of action — use of genetic, metabolomic, and activity- and affinity-based protein profiling to elucidate the mechanism of action of clinical and experimental antimicrobial agents.
* Host-pathogen interactions — tools for studying host-pathogen interactions, cellular biochemistry of hosts and pathogens, and molecular interactions of pathogens with host microbiota.
* Small molecule vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease.
* Viral and bacterial biochemistry and molecular biology.