Impact of the gas atomizer nozzle configuration on metal powder production for additive manufacturing

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119974

Alexander Ariyoshi Zerwas , Flávia Costa da Silva , Roberto Guardani , Lydia Achelis , Udo Fritsching

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Abstract

Metal powders for additive manufacturing (AM) are typically produced by atomizing metal melts. In this study, different spray configurations for producing particles for AM are analyzed. Two close-coupled gas-assisted atomizers (CCA) are compared for the atomization of hot working tool steel (AISI H13), namely discrete jets and annular slit nozzles. High-speed image analysis of the oscillations in the liquid spray indicated that the flapping behavior resulted in higher number of off-spec particles (flakes), which were related to the gas-to-melt ratio (GMR). This behavior was observed for both configurations, but flapping oscillations at lower GMR and a super pulsating mode at higher GMR, were identified for the annular slit nozzle. The use of hot atomizer gas resulted in an increase of the fine powder yield suitable for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), but at the expense of an increasing satellite particles, which may cause difficulties in powder flow during printing operations.

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气体雾化器喷嘴配置对增材制造金属粉末生产的影响

用于增材制造（AM）的金属粉末通常是通过雾化金属熔体生产出来的。本研究分析了生产用于 AM 的颗粒的不同喷雾配置。比较了两种用于热加工工具钢（AISI H13）雾化的近耦合气体辅助雾化器（CCA），即离散喷流和环形狭缝喷嘴。对液体喷雾中的振荡进行的高速图像分析表明，拍打行为会产生更多的非规格颗粒（薄片），这与气熔比（GMR）有关。两种配置都观察到了这种行为，但环形狭缝喷嘴在 GMR 较低时出现拍打振荡，在 GMR 较高时出现超脉动模式。热雾化器气体的使用提高了适用于激光粉末床熔融（L-PBF）的细粉末产量，但以卫星颗粒的增加为代价，这可能会在印刷操作过程中造成粉末流动困难。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.

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