Powder Technology最新文献

The influence of coal pyrolysis heating rate on char fragmentation propensity during secondary reactions 煤热解加热速率对二次反应中焦炭破碎倾向的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122186

Dongbin Mai , Linmin Zhang , Wei Li , Juntao Wei , Xudong Song , Yan Gong , Yonghui Bai , Weiguang Su , Guangsuo Yu

During the process of staged coal conversion, secondary fragmentation of coal char in fluidized bed reactors causes fluctuations in bed pressure drop. The resulting fine particles are easily entrained by gas flow to downstream sections, complicating separation processes and exacerbating environmental pollution. This study systematically investigated the influence of coal pyrolysis heating rates on char fragmentation propensity during secondary reactions. Slow-heated char (SHC) and rapid-heated char (RHC) were prepared using a tubular furnace and Joule-heating reactor, respectively. Results demonstrate that SHC fragments more readily than RHC, attributed to heating rate-dependent volatile release during primary pyrolysis that governs pore structure development. SHC exhibits a high specific surface area, small pore size, and high porosity characteristics, with a specific surface area of 91.873 m²/g and an average pore size of 2.954 nm, whereas RHC has a significantly lower specific surface area of only 4.092 m²/g and an average pore size of 9.530 nm. Through an innovative method converting RGB images to quantitative temperature distribution maps, we found that the core heating rate of SHC particles during secondary reactions is significantly lower than that of RHC, with thermal equilibration times of 1300 and 400 ms, respectively. This leads to steeper internal temperature gradients and higher thermal stresses in slow-heated chars. Consequently, SHC exhibits a maximum fragmentation probability of 81% in oxygen and carbon dioxide mixed atmospheres. This research provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing coal staged conversion processes and reactor design.

在煤的分级转化过程中，流化床反应器中煤焦的二次破碎会引起床压降的波动。由此产生的细颗粒很容易被气流带到下游区段，使分离过程复杂化并加剧环境污染。本研究系统地研究了煤热解加热速率对二次反应中焦炭破碎倾向的影响。采用管式炉和焦耳反应器分别制备了慢热炭（SHC）和快热炭（RHC）。结果表明，SHC比RHC更容易形成碎片，这是由于初级热解过程中与加热速率相关的挥发性释放决定了孔隙结构的发育。SHC具有高比表面积、小孔径、高孔隙度的特点，其比表面积为91.873 m2/g，平均孔径为2.954 nm，而RHC的比表面积明显低于SHC，仅为4.092 m2/g，平均孔径为9.530 nm。通过将RGB图像转换为定量温度分布图的创新方法，我们发现SHC颗粒在二次反应中的核心加热速率明显低于RHC，热平衡时间分别为1300和400 ms。这导致在慢热炭中更陡峭的内部温度梯度和更高的热应力。因此，在氧气和二氧化碳混合大气中，SHC的最大破碎概率为81%。该研究为煤分级转化工艺优化和反应器设计提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of deglomeration for waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) via grinding activation 废印刷电路板磨矿活化脱杂机理研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122189

Tao Long , Yuanxiang Zhao , Wei Yang , Sha Deng , Chao Yang , Jinrong Ju

The rapid obsolescence of electronics has led to a global surge in electronic waste. A major recycling challenge is the severe agglomeration of comminuted waste printed circuit board (WPCB) powders, driven by hydrophobic interactions, which significantly hinders metal recovery. This study employed grinding activation as a pretreatment to enhance the dispersion of WPCB powders in water, thereby improving downstream gravity separation. The article compares the effects of grinding with those of stirring dispersion and chemical (ethanol) dispersion, and analyzes their mechanisms. Contact angle measurements confirmed the inherent surface hydrophobicity causing aggregation. Comparative analysis demonstrated that optimal ball milling for 45 s was the most effective method for deagglomeration, outperforming alternatives like ethanol-assisted dispersion. This pretreatment yielded a copper concentrate grade of 26.92% with a high recovery rate of 93.22%, Compared with ethanol-assisted stirring dispersion, the grade and recovery rate increased by 2.89% and 12.94%, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the performance enhancement stemmed from improved particle liberation, a morphological change of metals to spherical shapes, and the removal of hydrophobic resin coatings. These findings establish the integration of grinding activation with gravity separation as an efficient and environmentally sound strategy for metal recovery from WPCBs.

电子产品的迅速过时导致全球电子垃圾激增。一个主要的回收挑战是由疏水相互作用驱动的废弃印刷电路板（WPCB）粉末的严重团聚，这严重阻碍了金属的回收。本研究采用磨矿活化作为预处理，增强WPCB粉体在水中的分散，从而改善下游重选。比较了粉碎与搅拌分散和化学（乙醇）分散的效果，并分析了其作用机理。接触角测量证实了引起聚集的固有表面疏水性。对比分析表明，最佳球磨45 s是最有效的解团聚方法，优于乙醇辅助分散等替代方法。预处理后的铜精矿品位为26.92%，回收率为93.22%，与乙醇辅助搅拌分散相比，铜精矿品位和回收率分别提高了2.89%和12.94%。力学分析表明，性能的增强源于颗粒的解放、金属形态的球形变化以及疏水性树脂涂层的去除。这些研究结果表明，将磨矿活化与重力分离相结合，是一种有效且环保的从wpcb中回收金属的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization on pressure pulsation and erosion for a solid-liquid two-phase multistage centrifugal pump 固液两相多级离心泵压力脉动与冲蚀优化

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122213

Baoling Cui , Yifan Lian , Zhifeng Lin , Zhongcun Su , Yuzhen Jin

Unsteady pressure pulsations and erosion caused by the high-speed rotation of the impeller are primary contributors to failure in solid-liquid two-phase multistage centrifugal pumps. In this study, impeller blades were optimized to reduce pressure pulsation intensity in the vaneless region between the impeller and guide vanes, and to minimize impeller erosion under design flow conditions with a particle concentration of 3% and a particle diameter of 0.3 mm. The optimization strategy encompassing the first, middle, and last stages was proposed based on a comparative analysis of performance and internal flow characteristics of each stage. The solid-liquid two-phase flow field was numerically simulated using CFD-DPM method. The Kriging surrogate model based on response-surface methodology was integrated with NSGA-II algorithm to achieve global optimization and produce an optimized blade profile. Near the blade leading edge, near-wall particle accumulation diminished as particles migrated toward the mid-passage region, coinciding with increased turbulent kinetic energy in this area. The elevated relative velocity at the blade trailing edge reduced the particle residence time within the impeller passages. Furthermore, the local backflow and rotor-stator interaction were alleviated by decreasing the guide vane inlet angle. As a result, the average pressure pulsation intensity in the vaneless region between the impeller and guide vanes decreased by 3.175%, and the average erosion rate of the impeller declined by 13.444%.

在固液两相多级离心泵中，叶轮高速旋转引起的非定常压力脉动和冲蚀是导致泵失效的主要原因。在颗粒浓度为3%、颗粒直径为0.3 mm的设计流动条件下，对叶轮叶片进行优化，以减小叶轮与导叶之间无叶区域的压力脉动强度，最大限度地减少叶轮冲蚀。在对各级性能和内部流动特性进行对比分析的基础上，提出了包括前、中、末级的优化策略。采用CFD-DPM方法对固液两相流场进行了数值模拟。将基于响应面法的Kriging代理模型与NSGA-II算法相结合，实现全局优化，得到最优叶片型线。在叶片前缘附近，随着颗粒向通道中部区域迁移，近壁面颗粒积累减少，与此区域湍流动能增加相一致。叶片尾缘相对速度的提高减少了颗粒在叶轮通道内的停留时间。此外，减小导叶进口角可以缓解局部回流和动静相互作用。叶轮与导叶之间无叶区域的平均压力脉动强度降低了3.175%，叶轮的平均冲蚀率降低了13.444%。

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引用次数: 0

CFD-DEM simulation of bubble dynamics and hydrodynamics in fluidized beds with louver baffles 带有百叶挡板的流化床气泡动力学和流体动力学的CFD-DEM模拟

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122179

Yunzhen Jiang , Chang Liu , Jiahang Du , Huaqing Ma , Zihan Liu , Yongzhi Zhao

Fluidized beds are commonly used equipment in the chemical industry, but large bubbles might be generated, which lower the conversion efficiency and operational stability. To address this issue, internal components (e.g., louver baffles) can be employed to improve fluidization performance. Considering that the interaction between louver baffles and fluidized particle flows is quite complex, and the deploy settings would greatly influence the fluidization, further understanding is needed. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of baffle inclination angle and superficial velocity on bubble dynamics and hydrodynamics in fluidized beds equipped with multi-layer louver baffles using computational fluid dynamics coupled with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM). Simulation results reveal that increasing superficial velocity in the baffle-free bed aggravates slug formation and deteriorates particle mixing. In contrast, the introduction of louver baffles effectively promotes bubble breakup and suppresses these phenomena, reducing the maximum average equivalent bubble diameter from approximately 140 mm to 31 mm. Baffles with 45° inclination generate the most uniformly distributed small spherical bubbles. As the inclination angle increases, particle downward motion becomes more pronounced, which induces local dilute regions and leads to an increase in bubble size. Notably, at low superficial velocities, steeper baffles with inclination angles of 55° and 60° may instead induce increased instability in the fluidized bed. These findings provide guidance for the design and optimization of baffled fluidized beds.

流化床是化工行业常用的设备，但其产生的气泡较大，降低了转化效率和运行稳定性。为了解决这个问题，可以使用内部组件（例如百叶挡板）来改善流化性能。考虑到百叶挡板与流态化颗粒流之间的相互作用非常复杂，布置设置对流态化影响很大，需要进一步了解。本文采用计算流体力学与离散元法（CFD-DEM）相结合的方法，研究了挡板倾角和表面速度对多层挡板流化床气泡动力学和流体动力学的影响。模拟结果表明，增加无挡板床内的表面速度会加剧段塞的形成，并使颗粒混合恶化。相比之下，百叶挡板的引入有效地促进了气泡破裂并抑制了这些现象，将最大平均等效气泡直径从大约140毫米减少到31毫米。倾角为45°的挡板产生的小球形气泡分布最均匀。随着倾角的增大，颗粒向下运动更加明显，产生局部稀释区，导致气泡尺寸增大。值得注意的是，在低表面速度下，倾角为55°和60°的更陡的挡板反而会增加流化床的不稳定性。研究结果对折流板流化床的设计和优化具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of ferronickel concentrate oxidation behavior and prevention strategies during drying 镍铁精矿干燥过程氧化行为及预防策略研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122207

Wei Lv , Fanmao Wang , Siegfried Gautama , Mikaella Brillantes , Frederick D. Ford , Samuel Marcuson , Manqiu Xu , Mansoor Barati

Ferronickel serves as an essential feedstock to produce stainless steel. A ferronickel concentrate assaying 28% Ni was obtained via two-stage thermal treatment of ultramafic Ni sulfide concentrate followed by direct grinding and sieving without magnetic separation. However, microstructural and compositional analysis revealed that post-upgrading oxidation led to the formation of a Ni-wustite phase, comprising up to 13% of the ferronickel concentrate and accounting for 7.3% of the total Ni. The oxidation behavior of ferronickel under different grinding and drying conditions revealed that the formation of Ni-wustite predominantly occurs during the drying stage rather than during early wet grinding. Excessive grinding accelerates oxidation even drying is conducted in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Drying under a non-oxidizing atmosphere or after solvent immersion significantly suppresses Ni-wustite formation. Furthermore, rinsing ferronickel concentrate with Na₂CO₃ solution prior to drying is recommended, as it forms a passivation layer on the ferronickel surface, creating a physical and chemical barrier that prevents oxygen contact and thereby inhibits oxidation. The key findings of this study provide guidance for selecting appropriate ferronickel grinding and drying conditions, enabling the maximal recovery of ferronickel alloys liberated by direct grinding without magnetic separation.

镍铁是生产不锈钢必不可少的原料。对超镁铁硫化镍精矿进行两段热处理，再进行直接磨矿和筛分，无需磁选，获得了含镍量为28%的镍铁精矿。然而，显微组织和成分分析表明，升级后氧化导致镍-浮氏体相的形成，该相占镍铁精矿的13%，占总Ni的7.3%。不同研磨和干燥条件下镍铁的氧化行为表明，ni -浮斯体的形成主要发生在干燥阶段，而不是湿磨初期。过度研磨加速氧化，甚至在非氧化气氛中进行干燥。在非氧化气氛下干燥或溶剂浸泡后，可显著抑制镍浮氏体的形成。此外，建议在干燥前用Na2CO3溶液冲洗镍铁精矿，因为它会在镍铁表面形成钝化层，形成物理和化学屏障，防止氧气接触，从而抑制氧化。研究结果为选择合适的镍铁研磨和干燥条件提供了指导，使直接研磨释放的镍铁合金得到最大限度的回收。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of rutile TiO2 from titaniferous slag using microwave heating and phosphoric acid leaching 以含钛渣为原料，微波加热-磷酸浸出合成金红石型TiO2

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122178

Jin Chen , Mamdouh Omran , Shenghui Guo , Kangqiang Li , Fei He , Guo Chen

Artificial rutile TiO₂ is considered a promising substitute for scarce natural rutile. In this work, rutile-type TiO₂ was successfully synthesized from titaniferous slag through a combined process of microwave oxidation roasting and phosphoric acid leaching. The titaniferous slag, mixed with Na₂CO₃, was treated under microwave irradiation to break down the gangue and encapsulation phases, thereby exposing the titaniferous phase and converting it into NaTiO₃. Subsequent phosphoric acid leaching, which improves surface accessibility, efficiently transformed NaTiO₃ into H₂TiO₃. The leached product was then dried and microwave-calcined to obtain rutile-type TiO₂. The effects of leaching time on the microstructure, phase evolution, molecular structure, and surface functional groups of the products were examined using XRD, SEM, Raman, FT-IR, and TEM characterizations to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and determine optimal conditions. The results show that after 6 h of acid leaching, rutile TiO₂ became the dominant crystalline phase, featuring short rod-like structures and a dense, smooth surface. These findings confirm that rutile TiO₂ can be efficiently produced using the optimized process. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of titaniferous slag as a sustainable raw material for high-value TiO₂ production.

人工金红石TiO2被认为是稀缺的天然金红石的有前途的替代品。本文以含钛矿渣为原料，采用微波氧化焙烧与磷酸浸出相结合的工艺，成功合成了金红石型TiO2。将含钛矿渣与Na2CO3混合，在微波照射下分解矸石和包封相，使含钛相暴露并转化为NaTiO3。随后的磷酸浸出提高了表面可及性，有效地将NaTiO3转化为H2TiO3。将浸出产物干燥，微波煅烧得到金红石型TiO2。采用XRD、SEM、Raman、FT-IR、TEM等表征手段研究浸出时间对产物微观结构、物相演化、分子结构和表面官能团的影响，阐明反应机理，确定最佳浸出条件。结果表明：酸浸6 h后，金红石型TiO2成为主导晶相，具有短棒状结构，表面致密光滑；这些结果证实了优化后的工艺可以有效地制备金红石型TiO2。总的来说，本研究证明了含钛渣作为高价值二氧化钛生产可持续原料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring mechanical and corrosion properties of a binder jet 3D printing Ni34Co28Cr28Al10 medium-entropy alloy via microstructural control 通过微观组织控制定制粘合剂喷射3D打印Ni34Co28Cr28Al10中熵合金的机械和腐蚀性能

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122188

Wei Xue , Ling Chen , Jianwei Li , Baoyong Li , Yan Long , Yuzhong Liu , Dezhi Zhu , Zhiqiang Fu

Binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) was employed to fabricate a non-equiatomic Ni₃₄Co₂₈Cr₂₈Al₁₀ medium-entropy alloy (MEA), with a focus on tailoring the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance through post-process heat treatments. The aging treatment promoted the uniform precipitation of nanosized L1₂ particles and short rod-like B2/sigma phases, resulting in a balanced mechanical performance with a yield strength of ∼580 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of ∼725 MPa, and elongation of ∼4.9%. The alloy demonstrated superior corrosion resistance in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution compared to 316 L stainless steel, characterized by a higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density, and stabilized passivation behavior. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a continuous Cr-rich passive film and protective Al₂O₃-rich regions, despite micro-galvanic coupling between multiphase interfaces. The study highlights the capability of BJ3DP combined with optimized heat treatment to produce high-performance MEAs with tunable mechanical and corrosion properties, supporting the potential application in demanding environments.

采用粘结剂喷射3D打印技术（BJ3DP）制备了非等原子Ni34Co28Cr28Al10中熵合金（MEA），并通过后处理对合金的微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀性进行了调整。时效处理促进了纳米级L12颗粒和短棒状B2/sigma相的均匀析出，使材料的屈服强度为~ 580 MPa，极限抗拉强度为~ 725 MPa，伸长率为~ 4.9%，力学性能平衡。与316l不锈钢相比，该合金在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中具有更高的腐蚀电位、更低的腐蚀电流密度和稳定的钝化行为。这种增强归因于尽管多相界面之间存在微电偶联，但仍形成了连续的富cr钝化膜和富al2o3保护性区域。该研究强调了BJ3DP与优化热处理相结合的能力，可以生产出具有可调机械和腐蚀性能的高性能mea，支持在苛刻环境中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Discrete element model for collisions of multiple wet particles 多湿粒子碰撞的离散元模型

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122201

Rajarshi Chattopadhay, Robert H. Davis

Collisions of granular particles coated with thin viscous liquids are simulated using a hybrid time- and event-driven algorithm to maintain chronological order of hard-sphere collisions while ensuring numerical stability in highly dissipative systems. A novel approach was adopted for many-particle simulations using a rotating polar coordinate system that decomposes the relative pairwise motion into normal and tangential components along the line-of-centers. This approach provides better accuracy than Cartesian coordinates for the same timestep size, with only small increase in computational time per step. Collisions of three wetted spheres were analyzed by varying Stokes number (

S t_{n}

, ratio of particle inertia to viscous forces), fluid film thickness, capillary number (ratio of viscous to interfacial tension forces), and collision angles to reveal several outcome regimes: complete agglomeration, partial coagulation, and full separation. Simulations were extended to a billiards configuration, where a single striker sphere impacts an ordered cluster. Here, multiple simultaneous fluid interactions enhance viscous dissipation and broadens the range of partial agglomeration outcomes, whereas asymmetric collision promotes fragmentation. Finally, a system of randomly distributed 1000 spheres in a periodic domain, with some particles having initial velocity, was studied for varying

S t_{n}

and packing fraction (

ϕ

). All cases exhibit rapid decay of kinetic energy, with lower

S t_{n}

and higher

ϕ

displaying steeper slope, followed by a plateau corresponding to the conserved center-of-mass kinetic energy. The coordination number (number of simultaneous fluid overlaps per particle) gradually increases with time as more fluid overlaps occur, saturating at higher values for dense systems (high

ϕ

) and low

S t_{n}

.

在高耗散系统中，采用时间和事件驱动的混合算法模拟涂有薄粘性液体的颗粒颗粒的碰撞，以保持硬球碰撞的时间顺序，同时确保数值稳定性。采用一种新颖的方法，利用旋转极坐标系将相对运动分解为沿中心线的法向分量和切向分量，用于多粒子模拟。对于相同的时间步长，这种方法提供了比笛卡尔坐标更好的精度，每步的计算时间只增加了一点点。通过改变斯托克斯数（Stn，颗粒惯性与粘性力之比）、液膜厚度、毛细数（粘性与界面张力之比）和碰撞角度，分析了三个湿球的碰撞，揭示了几种结果：完全团聚、部分凝聚和完全分离。将模拟扩展到台球配置，其中单个击球球撞击有序簇。在这里，多个同时发生的流体相互作用增强了粘性耗散，扩大了部分团聚结果的范围，而不对称碰撞促进了破碎。最后，研究了一个周期域中随机分布的1000个球体系统，其中一些粒子具有初始速度，并研究了不同的Stn和填充分数（ϕ）。所有情况下动能衰减都很快，较小的Stn和较大的φ斜率更陡，随后是一个平台，对应于守恒的质心动能。随着更多流体重叠的发生，配位数（每个粒子同时发生的流体重叠的数量）随着时间的推移逐渐增加，在密集系统（高ϕ）和低Stn的较高值时达到饱和。

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引用次数: 0

Laser powder bed fusion of nano-SiO₂/AlSi10Mg composites for lightweight optical applications 用于轻型光学应用的纳米sio₂/AlSi10Mg复合材料的激光粉末床融合

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122180

Zhijian Feng , Wei Han , Thorsten H. Becker , Lingbao Kong

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology holds significant application potential in the manufacturing of lightweight, high-precision aluminum alloy components, yet challenges remain in controlling melt pool behavior and suppressing defects. This study introduced 0.5 wt% nano-SiO₂ into the AlSi10Mg powder system to enhance powder flowability and systematically evaluated its effects on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of LPBF-formed parts. Results indicate that nano-SiO₂ addition significantly improved powder flowability, achieving powder flow rate of 122 s/50 g, with a slight increase in bulk density, thereby promoting uniform powder spreading. Microstructural analysis revealed that nano-SiO₂ promoted heterogeneous nucleation and a minor influence on grain size. However, increased melt viscosity led to higher porosity in the parts, accompanied by localized oxide enrichment and microcrack formation. Compared to unmodified AlSi10Mg, the composite samples exhibited ∼16% and ∼ 48% reductions in tensile strength and elongation, respectively, while showing a slight increase in microhardness. Compression testing of the lattice structure revealed reduced peak load while retaining progressive densification characteristics. These results demonstrate the coupled influence of nano-SiO₂ on powder characteristics, melt pool dynamics, and macroscopic properties in LPBF-fabricated nano-SiO₂/AlSi10Mg composites, providing insights for the optimization of ceramic-modified aluminum alloy powders.

激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）技术在制造轻量化、高精度铝合金部件方面具有巨大的应用潜力，但在控制熔池行为和抑制缺陷方面仍存在挑战。本研究在AlSi10Mg粉末体系中引入0.5 wt%的纳米sio₂，以增强粉末的流动性，并系统评估其对lpbf成形零件的密度、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明，纳米sio₂的加入显著改善了粉末的流动性，粉末流动速率达到122 s/50 g，同时粉末的容重略有增加，从而促进了粉末的均匀分布。微观结构分析表明，纳米sio2促进了非均相成核，对晶粒尺寸影响较小。然而，熔体粘度的增加导致零件孔隙率增加，并伴随着局部氧化物的富集和微裂纹的形成。与未经改性的AlSi10Mg相比，复合材料样品的抗拉强度和伸长率分别降低了~ 16%和~ 48%，而显微硬度略有增加。晶格结构的压缩测试表明，在保持渐进致密化特性的同时，峰值载荷有所降低。这些结果证明了纳米sio₂对lpbf制备的纳米sio₂/AlSi10Mg复合材料的粉末特性、熔池动力学和宏观性能的耦合影响，为陶瓷改性铝合金粉末的优化提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Deposition of coal dust particles in the human upper respiratory tract during unsteady breathing: Insights from CFD-DPM simulation and XGBoost-SHAP analysis 非定常呼吸过程中煤尘颗粒在人类上呼吸道的沉积：来自CFD-DPM模拟和XGBoost-SHAP分析的见解

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122173

Bingyou Jiang , Haoyu Wang , Yu Zhou , Jie Wang

Dust particles in coal mine roadways typically exhibit a broad particle size distribution (PSD) that evolves along the transport path. Current dust risk assessments primarily focus on environmental/individual external concentrations and time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. However, the true determinants of upper respiratory tract (URT) health effects are the deposition mass (DM) and flux within functional regions following inhalation. A CFD-DPM-based numerical model was developed and validated to simulate transient dust transport and deposition at measurement points (MPs) under varying respiratory flow rates, and the XGBoost-SHAP method was applied to analyze deposited mass per breath (DM_PB) in nasal functional regions. Results show that increased respiratory flow significantly elevates vortex volume proportion (V_Ω^⁎), average wall shear stress (AWSS), and secondary flow intensity (Se) in the nasal cavity. Compared with exhalation, inhalation yields lower peak V_Ω^⁎, while Se follows a sinusoidal pattern over time. PSD is the dominant factor for deep nasal deposition, and high exposure concentration does not necessarily increase DM_PB, particularly at high breathing flows. The cut-off particle size for penetration into lower respiratory tract (LRT) decreases exponentially with respiratory flow. SHAP analysis reveals that nasal deposition prediction is mainly driven by the aerodynamic diameter (dₐ), with dust concentration (C_MP) as a secondary factor for anterior deposition and impaction parameter (IP) as a secondary factor for middle and posterior deposition. These findings indicate concentration alone is insufficient for assessing respiratory deposition risk; PSD must also be considered to better capture deposition patterns and health implications across nasal regions.

煤矿巷道中的粉尘颗粒沿运输路径呈宽粒度分布（PSD）。目前的粉尘风险评估主要侧重于环境/个人外部浓度和时间加权平均（TWA）暴露。然而，上呼吸道（URT）健康影响的真正决定因素是吸入后功能区域内的沉积质量（DM）和通量。建立并验证了基于cfd - dpm的数值模型，以模拟不同呼吸流量下测量点（MPs）的瞬态粉尘传输和沉积，并应用XGBoost-SHAP方法分析了鼻功能区的每呼吸沉积质量（DMPB）。结果表明，呼吸流量的增加显著提高了鼻腔内涡流体积比（VΩ ）、平均壁面剪切应力（AWSS）和二次流强度（Se）。与呼气相比，吸气产生更低的峰值VΩ ，而Se随时间呈正弦模式。PSD是深鼻沉积的主要因素，高暴露浓度并不一定会增加DMPB，特别是在高呼吸流量时。穿透下呼吸道的截止粒径随着呼吸流量呈指数递减。SHAP分析表明，鼻部沉积预测主要由气动直径（d -）驱动，粉尘浓度（CMP）是影响鼻部前沉积的次要因素，撞击参数（IP）是影响鼻部中、后沉积的次要因素。这些发现表明，仅靠浓度不足以评估呼吸沉积风险；还必须考虑PSD，以便更好地捕捉整个鼻腔区域的沉积模式和健康影响。

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