Powder Technology最新文献

Particulate matter emissions and exposure assessment in stone carving: A study of controlled and real-world conditions 石雕中的颗粒物排放和暴露评估：一项受控和现实条件的研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122242

Shubham Sharma, Nivedita Kaul, Sumit Khandelwal

The stone carving industry routinely exposes workers to high concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM). Limited studies have quantified exposure characteristics in real occupational settings. This study addresses this gap by investigating the concentration, size distribution, and particle counts generated during typical stone carving operations.

Monitoring was conducted in two phases using a Grimm Environmental Dust Monitor (EDM264). Separate monitoring for active and non-active periods of stone carving under semi-controlled conditions (Phase 1) revealed sharp contrasts. Concentrations of PM₄-₁₀, PM₂.₅-₄, and PM₁-₂.₅ during non-active periods dropped to about 1–2% of their active-period levels. In contrast, fine particles (PM₁) persisted up to 70% of active-period concentrations even after carving ceased, indicating their prolonged airborne presence. Phase 2, conducted at a stone carving site, showed lower average levels than Phase 1, with PM₄-₁₀ and PM₂.₅-₄ around 10% and 7% of corresponding fractions in Phase 1. Notably, maximum and minimum PM levels in Phase 2 closely aligned with average concentrations for active and non-active periods of Phase 1, respectively. However, the particle size ratio for fine PM in Phase 2 (PM₁/PM₂.₅ = 0.62) was higher, indicating a greater relative contribution of finer particles.

Overall, fine fractions, particularly PM₁, remained consistently elevated across both experimental and field settings. These findings highlight the intense and variable exposure faced by stone carving workers and underscore the urgent need for dust control measures and personal protective equipment to mitigate exposure and reduce respiratory health risks.

石雕行业的工人经常暴露在空气中高浓度的颗粒物（PM）中。有限的研究量化了真实职业环境中的暴露特征。本研究通过调查典型石雕作业中产生的浓度、大小分布和颗粒数来解决这一差距。使用格林环境粉尘监测仪（EDM264）分两个阶段进行监测。在半控制条件下，对石雕活动和非活动时期的单独监测（阶段1）揭示了鲜明的对比。PM₄₁₀，PM₂的浓度。₅-₄和PM₁-₂。在非活跃期间，₅下降到活跃期间水平的约1-2%。相比之下，细颗粒（PM 1）即使在雕刻停止后仍持续高达活跃期浓度的70%，表明它们长期存在于空气中。在石雕现场进行的第2阶段的平均水平低于第1阶段，PM₄-₁0和PM₂。在第一阶段中，₅-约为10%和7%的相应馏分。值得注意的是，第2阶段的最高和最低PM水平分别与第1阶段活跃和非活跃时期的平均浓度密切相关。然而，第二阶段细颗粒物的粒径比（PM 1 /PM 2）。₅= 0.62)更高，表明更细颗粒的相对贡献更大。总体而言，在实验和现场设置中，精细分数，特别是PM 1，始终保持较高水平。这些发现突出了石雕工人所面临的高强度和可变暴露，并强调了迫切需要采取粉尘控制措施和个人防护设备，以减轻暴露和降低呼吸道健康风险。

{"title":"Particulate matter emissions and exposure assessment in stone carving: A study of controlled and real-world conditions","authors":"Shubham Sharma, Nivedita Kaul, Sumit Khandelwal","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stone carving industry routinely exposes workers to high concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM). Limited studies have quantified exposure characteristics in real occupational settings. This study addresses this gap by investigating the concentration, size distribution, and particle counts generated during typical stone carving operations.</div><div>Monitoring was conducted in two phases using a Grimm Environmental Dust Monitor (EDM264). Separate monitoring for active and non-active periods of stone carving under semi-controlled conditions (Phase 1) revealed sharp contrasts. Concentrations of PM₄-₁₀, PM₂.₅-₄, and PM₁-₂.₅ during non-active periods dropped to about 1–2% of their active-period levels. In contrast, fine particles (PM₁) persisted up to 70% of active-period concentrations even after carving ceased, indicating their prolonged airborne presence. Phase 2, conducted at a stone carving site, showed lower average levels than Phase 1, with PM₄-₁₀ and PM₂.₅-₄ around 10% and 7% of corresponding fractions in Phase 1. Notably, maximum and minimum PM levels in Phase 2 closely aligned with average concentrations for active and non-active periods of Phase 1, respectively. However, the particle size ratio for fine PM in Phase 2 (PM₁/PM₂.₅ = 0.62) was higher, indicating a greater relative contribution of finer particles.</div><div>Overall, fine fractions, particularly PM₁, remained consistently elevated across both experimental and field settings. These findings highlight the intense and variable exposure faced by stone carving workers and underscore the urgent need for dust control measures and personal protective equipment to mitigate exposure and reduce respiratory health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mechanism of radial airflow in enhancing dry high-gradient magnetic separation 径向气流促进干式高梯度磁选的机理

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122270

Honghao Chang , Jiangang Ku , Dongfang Lu , Zhicheng Hu , Xiubin Wang , Hongfan Qin

In our previous study, a novel pneumatic magnetic separator that integrates radial airflow was introduced to address the challenge of low separation efficiency due to particle agglomeration during dry high-gradient magnetic separation (dry HGMS) of powder materials. However, the specific mechanisms of airflow remain inadequately understood. In the present study, a specially designed radial airflow matrix was employed to perform visualization separation experiments and conduct CFD-DEM simulations for various airflow configurations in dry HGMS. Results indicate that mixed ore particles sized −0.038+0.013 mm cannot easily overcome adhesion-related challenges when separation depends solely on gravity feed. The use of airflow feed increases the TFe grade of material accumulated on the matrix surface from 49.48% to 56.59%. When radial airflow is introduced, the maximum TFe grade reaches 69.01%. A comparative analysis of the simulation results indicates that when the TFe grade of the accumulations is around 61%, the corresponding recoveries are 59.47%, 65.42%, and 86.36% for airflow feed alone, gravity feed coupled with radial airflow, and airflow feed coupled with radial airflow, respectively. Furthermore, when the TFe grade of the concentrate is around 65%, the corresponding recoveries are 36.75%, 59.82%, and 60.53% under the same operating conditions. The application of radial airflow effectively promotes the dispersion of powder materials, dislodges adhered quartz particles, and significantly enhances selectivity. Thus, it achieves better separation performance than the traditional airflow feed methods.

为了解决干法高梯度磁选过程中颗粒团聚造成的分离效率低的问题，我们在之前的研究中引入了一种集成径向气流的新型气动磁选机。然而，气流的具体机制仍然没有得到充分的了解。在本研究中，采用专门设计的径向气流矩阵进行了可视化分离实验，并对干燥HGMS中不同气流配置进行了CFD-DEM模拟。结果表明，当单靠重力给矿分离时，−0.038+0.013 mm的混合矿粒不容易克服与黏附相关的挑战。采用气流进料使基体表面堆积的材料TFe品位由49.48%提高到56.59%。引入径向气流时，TFe品位最高可达69.01%。仿真结果对比分析表明，当堆积物TFe品位在61%左右时，单独气流给矿、重力加径向气流给矿和气流加径向气流给矿的回收率分别为59.47%、65.42%和86.36%。当精矿TFe品位为65%左右时，在相同操作条件下，相应的回收率分别为36.75%、59.82%和60.53%。径向气流的应用有效地促进了粉体物料的分散，去除了附着的石英颗粒，显著提高了选择性。因此，它比传统的气流进料方法具有更好的分离性能。

{"title":"The mechanism of radial airflow in enhancing dry high-gradient magnetic separation","authors":"Honghao Chang , Jiangang Ku , Dongfang Lu , Zhicheng Hu , Xiubin Wang , Hongfan Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In our previous study, a novel pneumatic magnetic separator that integrates radial airflow was introduced to address the challenge of low separation efficiency due to particle agglomeration during dry high-gradient magnetic separation (dry HGMS) of powder materials. However, the specific mechanisms of airflow remain inadequately understood. In the present study, a specially designed radial airflow matrix was employed to perform visualization separation experiments and conduct CFD-DEM simulations for various airflow configurations in dry HGMS. Results indicate that mixed ore particles sized −0.038+0.013 mm cannot easily overcome adhesion-related challenges when separation depends solely on gravity feed. The use of airflow feed increases the TFe grade of material accumulated on the matrix surface from 49.48% to 56.59%. When radial airflow is introduced, the maximum TFe grade reaches 69.01%. A comparative analysis of the simulation results indicates that when the TFe grade of the accumulations is around 61%, the corresponding recoveries are 59.47%, 65.42%, and 86.36% for airflow feed alone, gravity feed coupled with radial airflow, and airflow feed coupled with radial airflow, respectively. Furthermore, when the TFe grade of the concentrate is around 65%, the corresponding recoveries are 36.75%, 59.82%, and 60.53% under the same operating conditions. The application of radial airflow effectively promotes the dispersion of powder materials, dislodges adhered quartz particles, and significantly enhances selectivity. Thus, it achieves better separation performance than the traditional airflow feed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A contact detection algorithm for DEM simulation of mixed cylindrical and polyhedral particles based on the common plane method 基于公共平面法的圆柱与多面体混合粒子DEM模拟接触检测算法

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122247

Yue Wang , Jun Liu , Zheng Liu , Kai Dong , Mingqing Liu , Zhange Bi , Li Liu

Accurate narrow-phase contact detection is a computational bottleneck in discrete element method (DEM) simulations of granular systems containing particles of different shapes. The common-plane (CP) method, originally developed for polyhedron–polyhedron contact, is extended here to particle systems that include cylindrical elements: a cylinder-to-plane distance metric is introduced to enable CP-based treatment of cylinder–cylinder contact, and a unified procedure is established for cylinder–polyhedron contact with explicit formulations for the contact normal, penetration depth, and contact point. To improve robustness and efficiency, an adaptive rotation strategy and step-halving termination scheme are used in the CP iteration to prevent stagnation. The algorithm is implemented in a three-dimensional DEM code and validated by gravity-driven packing experiments on three systems: cylinders only, cubes only (the cube representing a convex polyhedron), and mixed cylinder–cube assemblies. The simulations reproduce the observed deposition process and final packing structure, and the predicted final packing height agrees with experiments within 8%. The results indicate that the proposed approach is feasible for DEM simulation of cylindrical–polyhedral mixtures within the tested parameter range.

在含不同形状颗粒的离散元法（DEM）模拟中，精确的窄相接触检测是一个计算瓶颈。最初开发用于多面体-多面体接触的共平面（CP）方法在这里扩展到包括圆柱元素的粒子系统：引入了一个柱面到平面的距离度量来实现基于CP的柱面接触处理，并为柱面接触建立了一个统一的程序，其中包含接触法线、穿透深度和接触点的明确公式。为了提高鲁棒性和效率，在CP迭代中采用自适应旋转策略和步长减半终止方案来防止停滞。该算法在三维DEM代码中实现，并通过重力驱动填充实验在三种系统上进行验证：仅圆柱体、仅立方体（立方体代表凸多面体）和混合圆柱体-立方体组合。模拟重现了观察到的沉积过程和最终填料结构，预测的最终填料高度与实验结果吻合在8%以内。结果表明，该方法在试验参数范围内对圆柱-多面体混合物进行数值模拟是可行的。

{"title":"A contact detection algorithm for DEM simulation of mixed cylindrical and polyhedral particles based on the common plane method","authors":"Yue Wang , Jun Liu , Zheng Liu , Kai Dong , Mingqing Liu , Zhange Bi , Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate narrow-phase contact detection is a computational bottleneck in discrete element method (DEM) simulations of granular systems containing particles of different shapes. The common-plane (CP) method, originally developed for polyhedron–polyhedron contact, is extended here to particle systems that include cylindrical elements: a cylinder-to-plane distance metric is introduced to enable CP-based treatment of cylinder–cylinder contact, and a unified procedure is established for cylinder–polyhedron contact with explicit formulations for the contact normal, penetration depth, and contact point. To improve robustness and efficiency, an adaptive rotation strategy and step-halving termination scheme are used in the CP iteration to prevent stagnation. The algorithm is implemented in a three-dimensional DEM code and validated by gravity-driven packing experiments on three systems: cylinders only, cubes only (the cube representing a convex polyhedron), and mixed cylinder–cube assemblies. The simulations reproduce the observed deposition process and final packing structure, and the predicted final packing height agrees with experiments within 8%. The results indicate that the proposed approach is feasible for DEM simulation of cylindrical–polyhedral mixtures within the tested parameter range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced-order modeling of multiphase flow in fluidized beds using proper orthogonal decomposition and neural ODEs 基于正交分解和神经ode的流化床多相流降阶建模

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122187

Matthew J. Schulz, Joe Standridge, Paul G.A. Cizmas

A reduced-order model (ROM) was used to parametrize flow solutions of a two-dimensional fluidized bed. This ROM consists of a set of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes. Instead of using the Galerkin projection to reduce the governing partial differential equations to a smaller set of ordinary differential equations whose unknowns are the time coefficients, a neural ordinary differential equation (NODE) was used to predict these time coefficients. A set of full-order model (FOM) solutions was used to define the POD modes and train the NODE. Given a sufficient dataset, this reduced-order modeling approach can be applied to any parametrized flow problem. With computational speeds over four orders of magnitude faster than the full-order model, the ROM was shown to efficiently predict flow behavior when supplied with new values of flow parameters. The speed and accuracy of this POD and NODE-based ROM allow for real-time control methods and accelerated design.

采用降阶模型（ROM）对二维流化床的流动解进行了参数化。该ROM由一组适当的正交分解（POD）模式组成。采用神经常微分方程（NODE）来预测这些时间系数，而不是使用伽辽金投影将控制偏微分方程简化为一组较小的常微分方程，这些常微分方程的未知数是时间系数。利用一组全阶模型（FOM）解来定义POD模式并训练NODE。给定足够的数据集，这种降阶建模方法可以应用于任何参数化流问题。计算速度比全阶模型快4个数量级以上，当提供新的流动参数值时，ROM可以有效地预测流动行为。这种POD和基于node的ROM的速度和准确性允许实时控制方法和加速设计。

引用次数: 0

Effect of ion species and particle surface properties on electric-field-dependent particle electrophoresis 离子种类和粒子表面性质对电场依赖粒子电泳的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122257

Tomonori Fukasawa, Naoki Maruyama, Takuma Kanatani, Yasuto Michimori, Toru Ishigami, Kunihiro Fukui

The effects of ionic species (Li⁺, Cs⁺, and guanidinium (Gdm⁺)), particle surface modification (alkyl-OH, SO₃H, and acrylate), and applied electric field strength on the zeta potential, fraction of charge in the slipping layer, and thickness of the slipping layer of polystyrene spheres were investigated using microscopic electrophoresis. Focusing on the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of ions and particle surfaces, we found that, regardless of surface modification, the zeta potentials of all particles were negative in electrolytes containing Li⁺, Cs⁺, or Gdm⁺. The absolute values of the zeta potential increased with increasing applied electric field strength up to 2 V cm⁻¹ and subsequently plateaued. For hydrophilic particles (alkyl-OH and SO₃H), electrolytes containing Li⁺ and Cs⁺ yielded smaller absolute zeta potential values than those observed in Gdm⁺-containing electrolytes. In contrast, for hydrophobically modified particles (acrylate), the presence of Gdm⁺ resulted in smaller absolute zeta potential values than those of Li⁺ and Cs⁺. Measurements under a weak applied electric field (0.5 V cm⁻¹) revealed that the slipping layer thickness in LiCl solutions decreased with increasing particle hydrophobicity, whereas that in GdmCl solutions increased. These results indicate that zeta potential measurements under weak applied electric fields, which are less likely to delaminate the ion-accumulated layer, enable evaluation of the slipping layer thickness and interfacial ion-accumulated layer structure. In addition, stability ratio measurements suggest that characteristic interfacial states reflected in the slipping layer are related to aggregation behavior. The results provide insight into the electrokinetic origins of ion effects and offer a basis for evaluating particle surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity.

采用显微电泳技术研究了离子种类（Li+、Cs+和胍（Gdm+））、粒子表面改性（烷基- oh、SO3H和丙烯酸酯）和外加电场强度对聚苯乙烯球的zeta电位、滑动层电荷率和滑动层厚度的影响。关注离子和颗粒表面的亲疏水性，我们发现，无论表面修饰如何，在含有Li+、Cs+或Gdm+的电解质中，所有颗粒的zeta电位都是负的。zeta电位的绝对值随着外加电场强度的增加而增加，直至2v cm−1，随后趋于稳定。对于亲水颗粒（烷基- oh和SO3H），含有Li+和Cs+的电解质产生的zeta电位绝对值小于含有Gdm+的电解质。相比之下，对于疏水改性颗粒（丙烯酸酯），Gdm+的存在导致zeta电位绝对值小于Li+和Cs+。在弱电场（0.5 V cm−1）下的测量结果表明，LiCl溶液中的滑移层厚度随着颗粒疏水性的增加而减小，而GdmCl溶液中的滑移层厚度则增加。这些结果表明，弱电场下的zeta电位测量使得离子积累层不太可能分层，从而可以评估滑动层厚度和界面离子积累层结构。此外，稳定性比测量表明，滑移层中反映的特征界面状态与聚集行为有关。这些结果为离子效应的电动力学起源提供了新的见解，并为评价颗粒表面亲疏水性提供了基础。

{"title":"Effect of ion species and particle surface properties on electric-field-dependent particle electrophoresis","authors":"Tomonori Fukasawa, Naoki Maruyama, Takuma Kanatani, Yasuto Michimori, Toru Ishigami, Kunihiro Fukui","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of ionic species (Li<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>, and guanidinium (Gdm<sup>+</sup>)), particle surface modification (alkyl-OH, SO<sub>3</sub>H, and acrylate), and applied electric field strength on the zeta potential, fraction of charge in the slipping layer, and thickness of the slipping layer of polystyrene spheres were investigated using microscopic electrophoresis. Focusing on the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of ions and particle surfaces, we found that, regardless of surface modification, the zeta potentials of all particles were negative in electrolytes containing Li<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>, or Gdm<sup>+</sup>. The absolute values of the zeta potential increased with increasing applied electric field strength up to 2 V cm<sup>−1</sup> and subsequently plateaued. For hydrophilic particles (alkyl-OH and SO<sub>3</sub>H), electrolytes containing Li<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> yielded smaller absolute zeta potential values than those observed in Gdm<sup>+</sup>-containing electrolytes. In contrast, for hydrophobically modified particles (acrylate), the presence of Gdm<sup>+</sup> resulted in smaller absolute zeta potential values than those of Li<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup>. Measurements under a weak applied electric field (0.5 V cm<sup>−1</sup>) revealed that the slipping layer thickness in LiCl solutions decreased with increasing particle hydrophobicity, whereas that in GdmCl solutions increased. These results indicate that zeta potential measurements under weak applied electric fields, which are less likely to delaminate the ion-accumulated layer, enable evaluation of the slipping layer thickness and interfacial ion-accumulated layer structure. In addition, stability ratio measurements suggest that characteristic interfacial states reflected in the slipping layer are related to aggregation behavior. The results provide insight into the electrokinetic origins of ion effects and offer a basis for evaluating particle surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximising the computational efficiency of the neural physics discrete element method 最大化神经物理离散元法的计算效率

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122254

Tongan Yang , Boyang Chen , Jiansheng Xiang , Sadjad Naderi , Claire E. Heaney , Mikio Sakai , John-Paul Latham , Yanghua Wang , Christopher C. Pain

Traditional Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations face significant computational challenges, primarily due to high memory demands and long execution times when modelling systems with large numbers of particles. These limitations restrict the scalability of DEM and hinder its application to complex or industrial-scale problems. To overcome these challenges, this study improves the performance of the NN4DEM solver (Neural Networks for the Discrete Element Method), part of the novel Neural Physics framework. In Neural Physics, DEM kernels are written as discrete convolutions and programmed as convolutional layers whose weights are prescribed analytically by the chosen contact laws and discretisation. Requiring no training, the Neural Physics approach preserves the underlying DEM contact physics. This contrasts with machine-learning approaches, which train neural networks to approximate contact detection or force prediction. Our contribution is twofold. First, we develop an octree data structure based on linear octree compression which transforms cell-based motion state grids into particle-based representations. This reduces memory consumption and accelerates computation for large problems. Second, we introduce Morton-order partitioning, which optimises memory utilisation and enables substantially larger particle counts. We present two dynamic benchmarks: a rotary drum test case, to investigate the influence of the Froude number on particle motion, and a granular landslide benchmark that develops large void regions and strong spatial heterogeneity. GPU profiling is carried out for particle-packing cases to evaluate the fine-grain single-GPU parallel performance of the implementation. The results demonstrate that the proposed Neural Physics framework achieves computational efficiency comparable with state-of-the-art DEM codes.

传统的离散元法（DEM）模拟面临着巨大的计算挑战，主要是由于在模拟具有大量粒子的系统时，内存需求高，执行时间长。这些限制限制了DEM的可扩展性，阻碍了其在复杂或工业规模问题上的应用。为了克服这些挑战，本研究改进了NN4DEM求解器（离散元素方法的神经网络）的性能，这是新型神经物理框架的一部分。在神经物理中，DEM核被写成离散卷积，并被编程为卷积层，其权重由所选择的接触定律和离散化解析规定。无需训练，神经物理方法保留了潜在的DEM接触物理。这与机器学习方法形成对比，机器学习方法训练神经网络来近似接触检测或力预测。我们的贡献是双重的。首先，我们开发了一种基于线性八叉树压缩的八叉树数据结构，将基于细胞的运动状态网格转换为基于粒子的表示。这减少了内存消耗并加速了大型问题的计算。其次，我们引入了Morton-order分区，它优化了内存利用率并实现了更大的粒子计数。我们提出了两个动态基准：一个是旋转鼓测试案例，用于研究弗劳德数对颗粒运动的影响，另一个是颗粒状滑坡基准，该基准产生了大空隙区和强空间异质性。针对颗粒填充情况进行了GPU性能分析，以评估该实现的细粒度单GPU并行性能。结果表明，所提出的神经物理框架的计算效率可与最先进的DEM代码相媲美。

{"title":"Maximising the computational efficiency of the neural physics discrete element method","authors":"Tongan Yang , Boyang Chen , Jiansheng Xiang , Sadjad Naderi , Claire E. Heaney , Mikio Sakai , John-Paul Latham , Yanghua Wang , Christopher C. Pain","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations face significant computational challenges, primarily due to high memory demands and long execution times when modelling systems with large numbers of particles. These limitations restrict the scalability of DEM and hinder its application to complex or industrial-scale problems. To overcome these challenges, this study improves the performance of the NN4DEM solver (Neural Networks for the Discrete Element Method), part of the novel Neural Physics framework. In Neural Physics, DEM kernels are written as discrete convolutions and programmed as convolutional layers whose weights are prescribed analytically by the chosen contact laws and discretisation. Requiring no training, the Neural Physics approach preserves the underlying DEM contact physics. This contrasts with machine-learning approaches, which train neural networks to approximate contact detection or force prediction. Our contribution is twofold. First, we develop an octree data structure based on linear octree compression which transforms cell-based motion state grids into particle-based representations. This reduces memory consumption and accelerates computation for large problems. Second, we introduce Morton-order partitioning, which optimises memory utilisation and enables substantially larger particle counts. We present two dynamic benchmarks: a rotary drum test case, to investigate the influence of the Froude number on particle motion, and a granular landslide benchmark that develops large void regions and strong spatial heterogeneity. GPU profiling is carried out for particle-packing cases to evaluate the fine-grain single-GPU parallel performance of the implementation. The results demonstrate that the proposed Neural Physics framework achieves computational efficiency comparable with state-of-the-art DEM codes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on powder physical and compression properties of mannitol: Similarity, variation, and classification 甘露醇粉末物理和压缩性能的研究：相似性、差异性和分类

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122256

Lijun Lin , Xiao Lin , Lan Shen , Yanlong Hong , Lijie Zhao

The global supply of mannitol offers diverse grades, typically categorized by manufacturers into “spray-dried” or “granulated” types for direct compression (DC). However, relying solely on these nominal process labels can be misleading for formulation development. This study established a quantitative, functionality-based classification system by systematically evaluating thirteen commercial mannitol grades through multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the manufacturing process label does not strictly dictate functional performance. Notably, three specific granulated grades were found to functionally cluster with spray-dried materials (Cluster 1) due to their shared porous micromorphology and high specific surface area, exhibiting superior tabletability (k_a) and compressibility (k_G). In contrast, Cluster 2, characterized by dense crystalline structures, demonstrated distinct mechanical behaviors dominated by high elasticity (k_FES) and fragmentation tendency (f). Partial least squares (PLS) regression further elucidated the critical mechanisms governing tablet quality, identifying yield pressure (P_y) and tabletability (k_a) as the primary positive determinants for tensile strength, while excessive fragmentation and elastic recovery negatively impacted mechanical integrity. A trade-off was also observed where enhanced compressibility facilitated rapid disintegration, whereas excessive interparticle bonding could delay it. In summary, this property-driven classification framework provides a more rational strategy for excipient selection than commercial labels, enabling the identification of optimal materials for robust DC formulations based on intrinsic functional attributes.

甘露醇的全球供应提供多种等级，通常由制造商分为“喷雾干燥”或“颗粒”类型，用于直接压缩（DC）。然而，仅仅依靠这些标称工艺标签可能会误导配方开发。本研究通过多元统计分析，系统评价了13个市售甘露醇等级，建立了一个定量的、基于功能的分类体系。主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）表明，制造工艺标签并没有严格规定功能性能。值得注意的是，由于具有相同的多孔微形貌和高比表面积，发现三种特定的颗粒级与喷雾干燥材料（簇1）在功能上聚集在一起，表现出优越的片状性（ka）和可压缩性（kG）。簇2晶体结构致密，表现出明显的力学行为，以高弹性（kFES）和碎裂倾向(f)为主。偏最小二乘（PLS）回归进一步阐明了控制片剂质量的关键机制，确定屈服压力（Py）和片性（ka）是抗拉强度的主要积极决定因素，而过度破碎和弹性恢复则对机械完整性产生负面影响。还观察到一种权衡，即增强的可压缩性促进了快速解体，而过度的粒子间键合可能会延迟解体。总之，这种属性驱动的分类框架为赋形剂的选择提供了比商业标签更合理的策略，能够根据内在功能属性识别出稳健的DC配方的最佳材料。

{"title":"Study on powder physical and compression properties of mannitol: Similarity, variation, and classification","authors":"Lijun Lin , Xiao Lin , Lan Shen , Yanlong Hong , Lijie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global supply of mannitol offers diverse grades, typically categorized by manufacturers into “spray-dried” or “granulated” types for direct compression (DC). However, relying solely on these nominal process labels can be misleading for formulation development. This study established a quantitative, functionality-based classification system by systematically evaluating thirteen commercial mannitol grades through multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the manufacturing process label does not strictly dictate functional performance. Notably, three specific granulated grades were found to functionally cluster with spray-dried materials (Cluster 1) due to their shared porous micromorphology and high specific surface area, exhibiting superior tabletability (<em>k</em><sub>a</sub>) and compressibility (<em>k</em><sub><em>G</em></sub>). In contrast, Cluster 2, characterized by dense crystalline structures, demonstrated distinct mechanical behaviors dominated by high elasticity (<em>k</em><sub><em>FES</em></sub>) and fragmentation tendency (<em>f)</em>. Partial least squares (PLS) regression further elucidated the critical mechanisms governing tablet quality, identifying yield pressure (<em>P</em><sub><em>y</em></sub>) and tabletability (<em>k</em><sub>a</sub>) as the primary positive determinants for tensile strength, while excessive fragmentation and elastic recovery negatively impacted mechanical integrity. A trade-off was also observed where enhanced compressibility facilitated rapid disintegration, whereas excessive interparticle bonding could delay it. In summary, this property-driven classification framework provides a more rational strategy for excipient selection than commercial labels, enabling the identification of optimal materials for robust DC formulations based on intrinsic functional attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of phosphor bronze powders by arc erosion of wires: Microstructure and mechanical properties 电弧冲蚀法制备磷青铜粉末：显微结构和力学性能

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122273

Baohang Ling, Chenhui Wang, Jintao Luo, Fengchen Chen, Bingge Zhao

The rapid development of the new-energy industry has placed increasing demands on connectors. Additive manufacturing provides an effective strategy for fabricating complex connector contact components, for which phosphor bronze powder is a promising feedstock owing to its excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. To meet these requirements, high-quality phosphor bronze powders were prepared in this study using the arc erosion of wires (AEW) method. Spherical QSn6–0.1, QSn7–0.2, and QSn8–0.3 powders with smooth surface and low satellite content were successfully produced. Their solidification structure and mechanical properties were systematically examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and single-powder compression testing. All powders consist primarily of α-Cu and δ-Cu₄₁Sn₁₁ phases despite the difference in composition. The ultrahigh cooling rate during AEW promotes uniform solidification structure without apparent defects and effectively suppresses Sn inverse segregation. Powder diameter, rather than composition, dominates the solidification behavior: smaller powders experience faster cooling, resulting in finer solidification structures and smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing. Single-powder compression tests reveal that powder hardness increases with decreasing diameter. Analysis of the strain-hardening rate indicates a size-dependent deformation mechanism: larger powders exhibit a pronounced hardening peak associated with the formation of stacking faults due to the alloy's low stacking-fault energy, whereas this effect is suppressed in smaller powders. This study presents a novel method for producing phosphor bronze powders, and the findings offer valuable insights into tailoring their solidification and mechanical behavior for additive manufacturing applications.

新能源产业的快速发展对连接器提出了越来越高的要求。增材制造为制造复杂的连接器接触元件提供了一种有效的策略，而磷青铜粉因其优异的机械强度和导电性而成为一种很有前途的原料。为了满足这些要求，本研究采用电弧侵蚀法（AEW）制备了高质量的磷青铜粉末。成功制备了表面光滑、卫星含量低的球形QSn6-0.1、QSn7-0.2和QSn8-0.3粉末。采用x射线衍射、扫描电镜和单粉压缩试验对其凝固组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究。粉末主要由α-Cu相和δ-Cu41Sn11相组成。在AEW过程中，超高的冷却速率促进了凝固组织的均匀，没有明显的缺陷，并有效地抑制了Sn的反偏析。粉末直径，而不是成分，决定了凝固行为：较小的粉末经历更快的冷却，导致更细的凝固组织和更小的二次枝晶臂间距。单粉压缩试验表明，粉末硬度随直径的减小而增大。对应变硬化率的分析表明，变形机制与尺寸有关：较大的粉末表现出明显的硬化峰，这与合金的低层错能导致的层错形成有关，而较小的粉末则抑制了这种效应。本研究提出了一种生产磷青铜粉的新方法，研究结果为增材制造应用中定制其凝固和机械行为提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Preparation of phosphor bronze powders by arc erosion of wires: Microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Baohang Ling, Chenhui Wang, Jintao Luo, Fengchen Chen, Bingge Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of the new-energy industry has placed increasing demands on connectors. Additive manufacturing provides an effective strategy for fabricating complex connector contact components, for which phosphor bronze powder is a promising feedstock owing to its excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. To meet these requirements, high-quality phosphor bronze powders were prepared in this study using the arc erosion of wires (AEW) method. Spherical QSn6–0.1, QSn7–0.2, and QSn8–0.3 powders with smooth surface and low satellite content were successfully produced. Their solidification structure and mechanical properties were systematically examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and single-powder compression testing. All powders consist primarily of α-Cu and δ-Cu<sub>41</sub>Sn<sub>11</sub> phases despite the difference in composition. The ultrahigh cooling rate during AEW promotes uniform solidification structure without apparent defects and effectively suppresses Sn inverse segregation. Powder diameter, rather than composition, dominates the solidification behavior: smaller powders experience faster cooling, resulting in finer solidification structures and smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing. Single-powder compression tests reveal that powder hardness increases with decreasing diameter. Analysis of the strain-hardening rate indicates a size-dependent deformation mechanism: larger powders exhibit a pronounced hardening peak associated with the formation of stacking faults due to the alloy's low stacking-fault energy, whereas this effect is suppressed in smaller powders. This study presents a novel method for producing phosphor bronze powders, and the findings offer valuable insights into tailoring their solidification and mechanical behavior for additive manufacturing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on extinguishing wood crib fires using ammonium polyphosphate-modified dry water 聚磷酸铵改性干水扑灭木床火灾的研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122261

Jianshe Xu , Quan Wang , Yaoyong Yang , Dingyu Feng , Rui Li , Kaiyan Lu , Yingjian Cao

To develop efficient forest fire extinguishing agents, this study optimized the preparation process of core-shell structured dry water (DW) using high-speed dispersion. Flame-retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was introduced to modify the DW. The physical properties of the resulting materials, including bulk density, fluidity, particle size, moisture retention, and thermal stability, were characterized. The extinguishing efficiency and flame retardancy were evaluated by analyzing temperature data collected along the central axis of a wood crib using a thermocouple monitoring system. The results indicated that the optimal preparation parameters-a solid-to-liquid ratio (m_SiO₂:m_sol) of 1:10, a dispersion speed of 6000 rpm, and a dispersion time of 90 s yielded uniform DW particles without agglomeration. Compared to pure water-based dry water (Pure-DW), the ammonium polyphosphate-modified dry water (APP-DW) exhibited a slightly higher bulk density, smaller and more concentrated particle size, superior fluidity, improved moisture retention, and a multi-stage mass loss profile in the TG curve. Regarding the wood crib surface temperature, the APP-DW demonstrated a 9.76% increase in the instantaneous cooling rate and a 61.43% increase in the average cooling rate within 10 s compared to Pure-DW. Furthermore, upon deliberate reignition attempts, the modified DW made ignition more difficult, reduced the intense combustion duration by 40%, and prolonged the smoldering time by 30%. The enhanced performance is attributed to the mechanisms of isolation, heat absorption, interruption of chain reactions, and capture of free radicals by the APP-DW. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing rapid-extinguishing and highly efficient flame-retardant forest firefighting agents.

为了开发高效的森林灭火剂，本研究优化了高速分散制备核壳结构干水（DW）的工艺。采用阻燃型聚磷酸铵（APP）对DW进行改性。所得到的材料的物理性质，包括体积密度、流动性、粒度、保湿性和热稳定性，都进行了表征。利用热电偶监测系统对沿木槽中轴线采集的温度数据进行了分析，评价了其灭火效率和阻燃性。结果表明，最佳制备参数为固液比（msio2:msol）为1:10，分散速度为6000 rpm，分散时间为90 s，可获得均匀无团聚的DW颗粒。与纯水基干水（pure - dw）相比，聚磷酸铵改性干水（APP-DW）具有稍高的堆积密度、更小且更浓缩的粒径、更强的流动性、更好的保湿性和多段质量损失曲线。在木槽表面温度方面，APP-DW的瞬时冷却速率比Pure-DW提高了9.76%，10 s内平均冷却速率比Pure-DW提高了61.43%。此外，经过刻意的重燃尝试，改进的DW使点火更加困难，减少了40%的强烈燃烧持续时间，延长了30%的阴燃时间。这种增强的性能归因于APP-DW的隔离、吸热、中断链式反应和捕获自由基的机制。本研究为开发快速灭火、高效阻燃的森林灭火剂提供了理论依据。

{"title":"Study on extinguishing wood crib fires using ammonium polyphosphate-modified dry water","authors":"Jianshe Xu , Quan Wang , Yaoyong Yang , Dingyu Feng , Rui Li , Kaiyan Lu , Yingjian Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop efficient forest fire extinguishing agents, this study optimized the preparation process of core-shell structured dry water (DW) using high-speed dispersion. Flame-retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was introduced to modify the DW. The physical properties of the resulting materials, including bulk density, fluidity, particle size, moisture retention, and thermal stability, were characterized. The extinguishing efficiency and flame retardancy were evaluated by analyzing temperature data collected along the central axis of a wood crib using a thermocouple monitoring system. The results indicated that the optimal preparation parameters-a solid-to-liquid ratio (m<sub>SiO₂</sub>:m<sub>sol</sub>) of 1:10, a dispersion speed of 6000 rpm, and a dispersion time of 90 s yielded uniform DW particles without agglomeration. Compared to pure water-based dry water (Pure-DW), the ammonium polyphosphate-modified dry water (APP-DW) exhibited a slightly higher bulk density, smaller and more concentrated particle size, superior fluidity, improved moisture retention, and a multi-stage mass loss profile in the TG curve. Regarding the wood crib surface temperature, the APP-DW demonstrated a 9.76% increase in the instantaneous cooling rate and a 61.43% increase in the average cooling rate within 10 s compared to Pure-DW. Furthermore, upon deliberate reignition attempts, the modified DW made ignition more difficult, reduced the intense combustion duration by 40%, and prolonged the smoldering time by 30%. The enhanced performance is attributed to the mechanisms of isolation, heat absorption, interruption of chain reactions, and capture of free radicals by the APP-DW. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing rapid-extinguishing and highly efficient flame-retardant forest firefighting agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the regulation of rheological properties of 3D printed recycled concrete and multi-objective optimization of printer parameters 3D打印再生混凝土流变特性调控及打印机参数多目标优化研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122265

Yuanxun Zheng , Yate Li , Xinyue Xi , Zhenghan Sun , Guanqin Guo , Yuxin Zhao , Qianqian Cao

The technology of 3D printed recycled aggregate concrete (3DPRAC) offers dual benefits by advancing the intelligent transformation of the construction industry and promoting sustainable development, which has garnered considerable research interest. This study first investigated the effects of resting time and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement rate on the fluidity of 3DPRAC through fluidity tests, and explored the regulatory mechanisms of its rheological properties. The correlation between fluidity and both buildability and mechanical performance was established, with the underlying mechanisms further elucidated via microstructural analysis. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically examine the influence of key printing parameters, including extrusion speed, horizontal printing speed, and vertical movement speed, on the material's performance. Through multi-objective optimization, an optimal parameter combination was identified. The results demonstrate that controlling the fluidity within 160–180 mm enables stable shaping without collapse, achieving a buildability height of up to 205 mm. Moreover, under the optimized parameters, namely an extrusion speed of 0.77 r/s, a horizontal printing speed of 40.8 mm/s, and a vertical movement speed of 10.3 mm/s, the material exhibits superior printing quality and structural stability, with both buildability and mechanical performance reaching their optimum. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering application of 3DPRAC.

3D打印再生骨料混凝土（3DPRAC）技术具有推进建筑行业智能化转型和促进可持续发展的双重效益，已引起广泛的研究兴趣。本研究首先通过流动性测试考察了静置时间和再生细骨料（RFA）置换率对3DPRAC流动性的影响，并探讨了其流变性能的调控机制。建立了流动性与可建造性和力学性能之间的相关性，并通过微观结构分析进一步阐明了潜在的机制。随后，采用响应面法（RSM）系统考察了挤出速度、水平打印速度和垂直移动速度等关键打印参数对材料性能的影响。通过多目标优化，确定了最优的参数组合。结果表明，将流动性控制在160-180 mm范围内，可以实现稳定成型而不坍塌，可建性高度可达205 mm。在挤出速度为0.77 r/s、水平打印速度为40.8 mm/s、垂直移动速度为10.3 mm/s的优化参数下，材料的打印质量和结构稳定性较好，可构建性和力学性能均达到最佳。本研究为3DPRAC的工程应用提供了理论基础和技术支持。

{"title":"Research on the regulation of rheological properties of 3D printed recycled concrete and multi-objective optimization of printer parameters","authors":"Yuanxun Zheng , Yate Li , Xinyue Xi , Zhenghan Sun , Guanqin Guo , Yuxin Zhao , Qianqian Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The technology of 3D printed recycled aggregate concrete (3DPRAC) offers dual benefits by advancing the intelligent transformation of the construction industry and promoting sustainable development, which has garnered considerable research interest. This study first investigated the effects of resting time and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement rate on the fluidity of 3DPRAC through fluidity tests, and explored the regulatory mechanisms of its rheological properties. The correlation between fluidity and both buildability and mechanical performance was established, with the underlying mechanisms further elucidated via microstructural analysis. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically examine the influence of key printing parameters, including extrusion speed, horizontal printing speed, and vertical movement speed, on the material's performance. Through multi-objective optimization, an optimal parameter combination was identified. The results demonstrate that controlling the fluidity within 160–180 mm enables stable shaping without collapse, achieving a buildability height of up to 205 mm. Moreover, under the optimized parameters, namely an extrusion speed of 0.77 r/s, a horizontal printing speed of 40.8 mm/s, and a vertical movement speed of 10.3 mm/s, the material exhibits superior printing quality and structural stability, with both buildability and mechanical performance reaching their optimum. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering application of 3DPRAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"474 ","pages":"Article 122265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0