Confidence biases in problem gambling.

IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Behavioral Addictions Pub Date : 2024-06-07 Print Date: 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1556/2006.2024.00030
Maja Friedemann, Celine A Fox, Anna K Hanlon, Daniel Tighe, Nick Yeung, Claire M Gillan
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Abstract

Background and aims: Subjective confidence plays an important role in guiding behaviour, especially when objective feedback is unavailable. Systematic misjudgements in confidence can foster maladaptive behaviours and have been linked to various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we adopted a transdiagnostic approach to examine confidence biases in problem gamblers across three levels: local decision confidence, global task performance confidence, and overall self-esteem. The importance of taking a transdiagnostic perspective is increasingly recognised, as it captures the dimensional nature of psychiatric symptoms that often cut across diagnostic boundaries. Accordingly, we investigated if any observed confidence biases could be explained by transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of Anxiety-Depression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought. This approach allows us to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of metacognitive processes in problem gambling, beyond the constraints of traditional diagnostic categories.

Methods: Thirty-eight problem gamblers and 38 demographically matched control participants engaged in a gamified metacognition task and completed self-report questionnaires assessing transdiagnostic symptom dimensions.

Results: Compared to controls, problem gamblers displayed significantly elevated confidence at the local decision and global task levels, independent of their actual task performance. This elevated confidence was observed even after controlling for the heightened symptom levels of Anxiety-Depression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought among the problem gamblers.

Discussion: The results reveal a notable disparity in confidence levels between problem gamblers and control participants, not fully accounted for by the symptom dimensions Anxiety-Depression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought. This suggests the contribution of other factors, perhaps linked to gambling-specific cognitive distortions, to the observed confidence biases.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the intricate link between metacognitive confidence and psychiatric symptoms in the context of problem gambling. It underscores the need for further research into metacognitive biases, which could enhance therapeutic approaches for individuals with psychiatric conditions.

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问题赌博中的信心偏差。
背景和目的:主观信心在指导行为方面发挥着重要作用,尤其是在无法获得客观反馈的情况下。系统性的信心误判会助长不适应行为,并与各种精神疾病有关。在本研究中,我们采用了一种跨诊断方法,从三个层面来研究问题赌徒的自信偏差:局部决策自信、整体任务绩效自信和整体自尊。跨诊断视角的重要性日益得到认可,因为它能捕捉到精神症状的多维性,而这些症状往往跨越诊断界限。因此,我们研究了所观察到的自信偏差是否可以用焦虑-抑郁和强迫行为及侵入性思维等跨诊断症状维度来解释。这种方法使我们能够超越传统诊断类别的限制,更全面地了解元认知过程在问题赌博中的作用:方法:38 名问题赌博者和 38 名人口统计学上匹配的对照组参与者参与了游戏化元认知任务,并完成了评估跨诊断症状维度的自我报告问卷:与对照组相比,问题赌徒在局部决策和全局任务层面上的自信心明显增强,这与他们的实际任务表现无关。即使在控制了问题赌徒的焦虑抑郁、强迫行为和侵入性思维等症状水平后,也能观察到这种自信心的提升:讨论:研究结果表明,问题赌徒与对照组参与者在自信水平上存在明显差异,而焦虑抑郁、强迫行为和侵入性思维等症状并不能完全解释这种差异。这表明,其他因素(可能与赌博特有的认知扭曲有关)也会导致观察到的自信偏差:研究结果凸显了问题赌博中元认知自信与精神症状之间错综复杂的联系。结论:研究结果凸显了问题赌博中元认知信心与精神症状之间错综复杂的联系,强调了进一步研究元认知偏差的必要性,这将有助于加强对精神疾病患者的治疗方法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
91
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The aim of Journal of Behavioral Addictions is to create a forum for the scientific information exchange with regard to behavioral addictions. The journal is a broad focused interdisciplinary one that publishes manuscripts on different approaches of non-substance addictions, research reports focusing on the addictive patterns of various behaviors, especially disorders of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum, and also publishes reviews in these topics. Coverage ranges from genetic and neurobiological research through psychological and clinical psychiatric approaches to epidemiological, sociological and anthropological aspects.
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