Dynamics of gas and greenhouse gases production during fermentation of barley silage with lactic acid bacteria

IF 5.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI:10.1186/s40538-024-00606-9

Yanlin Xue, Nier Wu, Na Na, Juanjuan Sun, Lin Sun, Moge Qili, Dongyang Li, E. Li, Baozhu Yang

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Abstract

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated during fermentation in silages, especially in barley silage. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of GHG production in silages during fermentation. In the present study, GHG accumulation and reduction were assessed in barley silage. Barley was harvested at the milk stage and ensiled without (CK) or with two commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) additives (L1 or L2). Gas and GHG (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄) production, fermentation quality, fermentation weight loss (FWL), and bacterial communities were analyzed at d 0, 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 after ensiling. Gas and GHG production rapidly increased in CK during the first 3 days and in L1 and L2 during the first day and then decreased (P < 0.05), and these values were higher in CK than in L1 and L2 from d 1 to d 35 (P < 0.05), with the peak production of gas and GHG observed at d 6 in CK and at d 3 in L1 and L2. Gas and GHG production were positively correlated with the count of Coliforms and the abundances of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Atlantibacter from d 0 to 6 (P < 0.05) but were negatively correlated with the abundances of Lentilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus from d 1 to 35 (P < 0.05). L1 and L2 had increasing pH and acetic acid (AA) and decreasing lactic acid after d 15 (P < 0.05). Lentilactobacillus in L1 and L2 dominated the bacterial communities from d 35 to 90 and correlated positively with pH and AA, and negatively with LA from d 6 to 90 (P < 0.05). FWL had a positive correlation with gas and GHG from d 1 to 35 (P < 0.05). The ensiling fermentation process can be divided into gas accumulation and reduction phases. Inoculation with LAB reduced gas and GHG production. The activities of enterobacteria were the main contributors to gas and GHG accumulation. Lentilactobacillus activity mainly caused deterioration of fermentation quality during the late fermentation phase. The GHGs generated in silage contributed to the FWL during fermentation.

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乳酸菌发酵大麦青贮过程中产生的气体和温室气体的动态变化

青贮饲料（尤其是大麦青贮饲料）在发酵过程中会产生温室气体（GHGs）。然而，人们对青贮饲料在发酵过程中产生温室气体的动态却知之甚少。本研究评估了大麦青贮饲料中温室气体的积累和减少情况。大麦在牛奶阶段收获，在不添加（CK）或添加两种商业乳酸菌（LAB）添加剂（L1 或 L2）的情况下进行青贮。在腌制后的第 0、1、3、6、15、35 和 90 天，对气体和温室气体（CO2、N2O 和 CH4）的产生、发酵质量、发酵失重（FWL）和细菌群落进行了分析。CK的气体和温室气体产量在前3天迅速增加，L1和L2的气体和温室气体产量在第一天迅速增加，然后减少（P < 0.05），从第1天到第35天，CK的气体和温室气体产量值高于L1和L2（P < 0.05），CK的气体和温室气体产量峰值出现在第6天，L1和L2的气体和温室气体产量峰值出现在第3天。从第 0 天到第 6 天，气体和温室气体的产生与大肠菌群的数量以及肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌和亚特兰蒂斯杆菌的数量呈正相关（P < 0.05），但从第 1 天到第 35 天，气体和温室气体的产生与扁豆乳杆菌、乳杆菌和乳酸酶杆菌的数量呈负相关（P < 0.05）。第 15 天后，L1 和 L2 的 pH 值和乙酸（AA）不断上升，乳酸不断下降（P < 0.05）。从第 35 天到第 90 天，L1 和 L2 中的扁豆乳杆菌在细菌群落中占主导地位，并与 pH 和 AA 呈正相关，而从第 6 天到第 90 天与 LA 呈负相关（P < 0.05）。从第 1 天到第 35 天，FWL 与气体和温室气体呈正相关（P < 0.05）。腐熟发酵过程可分为气体积累和减少阶段。接种 LAB 可减少气体和温室气体的产生。肠杆菌的活性是气体和温室气体积累的主要因素。扁豆乳杆菌的活性主要导致发酵后期的发酵质量恶化。青贮饲料中产生的温室气体在发酵过程中造成了FWL。

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来源期刊

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.