Hierarchical Control Strategy for Load Regulation Based on Stackelberg Game Theory Considering Randomness

IF 6.9 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.04140
Tingyu Jiang;Ping Ju;C. Y. Chung;Yuzhong Gong
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Abstract

Demand response has been recognized as a valuable functionality of power systems for mitigating power imbalances. This paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy among the distribution system operator (DSO), load aggregators (LAs), and thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs); the strategy includes a scheduling layer and an executive layer to provide load regulation. In the scheduling layer, the DSO (leader) offers compensation price (CP) strategies, and the LAs (followers) respond to CP strategies with available regulation power (ARP) strategies. Profits of the DSO and LAs are modeled according to their behaviors during the load regulation process. Stackelberg game is adopted to capture interactions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy for each participant to achieve utility. Moreover, considering inevitable random factors in practice, e.g., renewable generation and behavior of users, two different stochastic models based on sample average approximation (SAA) and parameter modification are formulated with improved scheduling accuracy. In the executive layer, distributed TCLs are triggered based on strategies determined in the scheduling layer. A self-triggering method that does not violate user privacy is presented, where TCLs receive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation statuses. Numerical simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus system to verify effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
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基于考虑随机性的堆栈博弈论的负荷调节分层控制策略
需求响应被认为是电力系统缓解电力失衡的一项重要功能。本文提出了配电系统运营商 (DSO)、负荷聚合器 (LA) 和恒温控制负荷 (TCL) 之间的分层控制策略;该策略包括调度层和执行层,以提供负荷调节。在调度层,DSO(领导者)提供补偿价格 (CP) 策略,LA(追随者)用可用调节功率 (ARP) 策略响应 CP 策略。根据 DSO 和 LA 在负荷调节过程中的行为,对其利润进行建模。采用斯塔克尔伯格博弈来捕捉参与者和领导者之间的互动,并为每个参与者获得效用获取最优策略。此外,考虑到实践中不可避免的随机因素,如可再生发电和用户行为,基于采样平均近似(SAA)和参数修改建立了两种不同的随机模型,提高了调度精度。在执行层,根据调度层确定的策略触发分布式 TCL。提出了一种不侵犯用户隐私的自触发方法,其中 TCL 接收来自 LA 的外部信号,并独立决定是否改变其运行状态。在改进的 IEEE-24 总线系统上进行了数值模拟,以验证所提策略的有效性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
12.70%
发文量
389
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: The CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (JPES) is an international bimonthly journal published by the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering (CSEE) in collaboration with CEPRI (China Electric Power Research Institute) and IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Inc. Indexed by SCI, Scopus, INSPEC, CSAD (Chinese Science Abstracts Database), DOAJ, and ProQuest, it serves as a platform for reporting cutting-edge theories, methods, technologies, and applications shaping the development of power systems in energy transition. The journal offers authors an international platform to enhance the reach and impact of their contributions.
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