Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05990
Chenxi Fan;Kaishun Xiahou;Lei Wang;Q. H. Wu
This paper presents a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based fault detection method to detect the multiple open-circuit switch faults of modular multilevel converter (MMC) systems with full-bridge sub-modules (FB-SMs). Eighteen sensor signals of grid voltages, grid currents and capacitance voltages of MMC for single and multi-switch faults are collected as sampling data. The output signal characteristics of four types of single switch faults of FB-SM, as well as double switch faults in the same and different phases of MMC, are analyzed under the conditions of load variations and control command changes. A multi-layer LSTM network is devised to deeply extract the fault characteristics of MMC under different faults and operation conditions, and a Softmax layer detects the fault types. Simulation results have confirmed that the proposed LSTM-based method has better detection performance compared with three other methods: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), naive bayes (NB) and recurrent neural network (RNN). In addition, it is highly robust to model uncertainties and Gaussian noise. The validity of the proposed method is further demonstrated by experiment studies conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform.
{"title":"Data-Driven Fault Detection of Multiple Open-Circuit Faults for MMC Systems Based on Long Short-Term Memory Networks","authors":"Chenxi Fan;Kaishun Xiahou;Lei Wang;Q. H. Wu","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05990","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based fault detection method to detect the multiple open-circuit switch faults of modular multilevel converter (MMC) systems with full-bridge sub-modules (FB-SMs). Eighteen sensor signals of grid voltages, grid currents and capacitance voltages of MMC for single and multi-switch faults are collected as sampling data. The output signal characteristics of four types of single switch faults of FB-SM, as well as double switch faults in the same and different phases of MMC, are analyzed under the conditions of load variations and control command changes. A multi-layer LSTM network is devised to deeply extract the fault characteristics of MMC under different faults and operation conditions, and a Softmax layer detects the fault types. Simulation results have confirmed that the proposed LSTM-based method has better detection performance compared with three other methods: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), naive bayes (NB) and recurrent neural network (RNN). In addition, it is highly robust to model uncertainties and Gaussian noise. The validity of the proposed method is further demonstrated by experiment studies conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07470
Haoyuan Yan;Tianyang Zhao;Zhanglei Guan
The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) is strengthening the bi-directional interactions between electric power networks (EPNs) and transportation networks (TNs) while providing opportunities to enhance the resilience of power systems towards extreme events. To quantify the temporal and spatial flexibility of EVs for charging and discharging, a novel dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) problem is proposed. The DTA problem is based on a link transmission model (LTM) with extended charging links, depicting the interaction between EVs and power systems. It models the charging rates as continuous variables by an energy boundary model. To consider the evacuation requirements of TNs and the uncertainties of traffic conditions, the DTA problem is extended to a two-stage distributionally robust version. It is further incorporated into a two-stage distributionally robust unit commitment problem to balance the enhancement of EPNs and the performance of TNs. The problem is reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved by off-the-shelf commercial solvers. Case studies are performed on two test networks. The effectiveness is verified by the numerical results, e.g., reducing the load shedding amount without increasing the unmet traffic demand.
{"title":"Proactive Resilience Enhancement of Power Systems with Link Transmission Model-Based Dynamic Traffic Assignment Among Electric Vehicles","authors":"Haoyuan Yan;Tianyang Zhao;Zhanglei Guan","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07470","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) is strengthening the bi-directional interactions between electric power networks (EPNs) and transportation networks (TNs) while providing opportunities to enhance the resilience of power systems towards extreme events. To quantify the temporal and spatial flexibility of EVs for charging and discharging, a novel dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) problem is proposed. The DTA problem is based on a link transmission model (LTM) with extended charging links, depicting the interaction between EVs and power systems. It models the charging rates as continuous variables by an energy boundary model. To consider the evacuation requirements of TNs and the uncertainties of traffic conditions, the DTA problem is extended to a two-stage distributionally robust version. It is further incorporated into a two-stage distributionally robust unit commitment problem to balance the enhancement of EPNs and the performance of TNs. The problem is reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved by off-the-shelf commercial solvers. Case studies are performed on two test networks. The effectiveness is verified by the numerical results, e.g., reducing the load shedding amount without increasing the unmet traffic demand.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite insulators have been widely used in transmission lines. After being removed from transmission lines, their housing silicone material cannot degrade naturally. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes an effective method to recycle waste insulators by pyrolysis to obtain mullite $(mathbf{3}mathbf{Al}_{2}mathbf{O}_{3}cdot mathbf{2}mathbf{SiO}_{2})$ with high purity and compact structure. The recycling process studied will not generate toxic products. The thermal degradation process of housing material is investigated by analyzing its degradation products including the gas and residues in detail. The experimental results indicate that the colorant agent Fe 2 O 3 inside the housing material is beneficial for the generation of mullite by decreasing the temperature of mullitization. Besides, since the transitional alumina generated by the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) has a smaller diameter and can better dissolute into the silica phases, ATH is a better choice as the additional aluminum resource. By comparing the components, structure, and particle size of grains formed at different calcination temperatures, the proposed pyrolysis temperatures of the two stages are 1400°C and 1600°C, respectively.
复合绝缘子已广泛应用于输电线路。从输电线路上拆除后，其外壳硅胶材料无法自然降解。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种通过热解回收废绝缘子的有效方法，从而获得纯度高、结构紧凑的莫来石 $(mathbf{3}mathbf{Al}_{2}mathbf{O}_{3}cdot mathbf{2}mathbf{SiO}_{2})$。所研究的回收过程不会产生有毒产品。通过详细分析其降解产物（包括气体和残留物），研究了住房材料的热降解过程。实验结果表明，外壳材料中的着色剂 Fe2O3 可降低莫来石化温度，有利于莫来石的生成。此外，由于氢氧化铝（ATH）脱水生成的过渡氧化铝直径较小，能更好地溶解到二氧化硅相中，因此 ATH 是作为附加铝资源的更好选择。通过比较不同煅烧温度下形成的颗粒的成分、结构和粒度，建议两个阶段的热解温度分别为 1400°C 和 1600°C。
{"title":"Recycling of Silicone Rubber from Composite Insulator with Pyrolysis Method","authors":"Ruiqi Shang;Liming Wang;Fanghui Yin;Masoud Farzaneh","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05800","url":null,"abstract":"Composite insulators have been widely used in transmission lines. After being removed from transmission lines, their housing silicone material cannot degrade naturally. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes an effective method to recycle waste insulators by pyrolysis to obtain mullite \u0000<tex>$(mathbf{3}mathbf{Al}_{2}mathbf{O}_{3}cdot mathbf{2}mathbf{SiO}_{2})$</tex>\u0000 with high purity and compact structure. The recycling process studied will not generate toxic products. The thermal degradation process of housing material is investigated by analyzing its degradation products including the gas and residues in detail. The experimental results indicate that the colorant agent Fe\u0000<inf>2</inf>\u0000O\u0000<inf>3</inf>\u0000 inside the housing material is beneficial for the generation of mullite by decreasing the temperature of mullitization. Besides, since the transitional alumina generated by the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) has a smaller diameter and can better dissolute into the silica phases, ATH is a better choice as the additional aluminum resource. By comparing the components, structure, and particle size of grains formed at different calcination temperatures, the proposed pyrolysis temperatures of the two stages are 1400°C and 1600°C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.04990
Feng Hong;Yalei Pang;Weiming Ji;Lu Liang;Fang Fang;Junhong Hao;Jizhen Liu
Frequency stability and security have been a vital challenge as large-scale renewable energy is integrated into power systems. In contrast, the proportion of traditional thermal power units decreases during the decarbonization transformation process, resulting in poor frequency support. This paper aims to explore the potential of frequency regulation support, dynamic assessment, and capacity promotion of thermal power plants in the transition period. Considering the dynamic characteristics of the main steam working fluid under different working conditions, a nonlinear observer is constructed by extracting the main steam pressure and valve opening degree parameters. The real-time frequency modulation capacity of thermal power units can provide a dynamic state for the power grid. A dynamic adaptive modification for primary frequency control (PFC) of power systems, including wind power and thermal power, is proposed and improved. The power dynamic allocation factor is adaptively optimized by predicting the speed droop ratio, and the frequency modulation capability of the system is improved by more than 11% under extreme conditions. Finally, through the Monte Carlo simulation of unit states of the system under various working conditions, the promotion of the frequency regulation capacity with high wind power penetration (WPP) is verified.
{"title":"Assessment and Enhancement of FRC of Power Systems Considering Thermal Power Dynamic Conditions","authors":"Feng Hong;Yalei Pang;Weiming Ji;Lu Liang;Fang Fang;Junhong Hao;Jizhen Liu","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.04990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.04990","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency stability and security have been a vital challenge as large-scale renewable energy is integrated into power systems. In contrast, the proportion of traditional thermal power units decreases during the decarbonization transformation process, resulting in poor frequency support. This paper aims to explore the potential of frequency regulation support, dynamic assessment, and capacity promotion of thermal power plants in the transition period. Considering the dynamic characteristics of the main steam working fluid under different working conditions, a nonlinear observer is constructed by extracting the main steam pressure and valve opening degree parameters. The real-time frequency modulation capacity of thermal power units can provide a dynamic state for the power grid. A dynamic adaptive modification for primary frequency control (PFC) of power systems, including wind power and thermal power, is proposed and improved. The power dynamic allocation factor is adaptively optimized by predicting the speed droop ratio, and the frequency modulation capability of the system is improved by more than 11% under extreme conditions. Finally, through the Monte Carlo simulation of unit states of the system under various working conditions, the promotion of the frequency regulation capacity with high wind power penetration (WPP) is verified.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a two-stage transmission hardening and planning (TH&P) model that can meet the load growth demand of normal scenarios and the resilience requirements of hurricane-induced damage scenarios. To better measure the resilience requirements, the proposed TH&P model includes two resilience assessment indexes, namely, the load shedding (LS) under the damage scenario and the average connectivity degree (ACD) at different stages. The first-stage model, which aims to meet the load growth demand while minimizing the LS, is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) to minimize the total planning and hardening cost of transmission lines, the operating cost of generators, and the penalty cost of wind power and load shedding in both normal and damage scenarios. The second-stage model aims to further improve the ACD when the ACD of the scheme obtained from the first-stage model cannot reach the target. Specifically, the contribution of each transmission line to the ACD is calculated, and the next hardened line is determined to increase the ACD. This process is repeated until the ACD meets the requirements. Case studies of the modified IEEE RTS-24 and two-area IEEE reliability test system-1996 indicate the proposed TH&P model can meet the requirements for both normal and damage scenarios.
{"title":"Resilience-oriented Hardening and Expansion Planning of Transmission System Under Hurricane Impact","authors":"Jing Zhou;Heng Zhang;Haozhong Cheng;Shenxi Zhang;Lu Liu;Zheng Wang;Xiaohu Zhang","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07300","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a two-stage transmission hardening and planning (TH&P) model that can meet the load growth demand of normal scenarios and the resilience requirements of hurricane-induced damage scenarios. To better measure the resilience requirements, the proposed TH&P model includes two resilience assessment indexes, namely, the load shedding (LS) under the damage scenario and the average connectivity degree (ACD) at different stages. The first-stage model, which aims to meet the load growth demand while minimizing the LS, is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) to minimize the total planning and hardening cost of transmission lines, the operating cost of generators, and the penalty cost of wind power and load shedding in both normal and damage scenarios. The second-stage model aims to further improve the ACD when the ACD of the scheme obtained from the first-stage model cannot reach the target. Specifically, the contribution of each transmission line to the ACD is calculated, and the next hardened line is determined to increase the ACD. This process is repeated until the ACD meets the requirements. Case studies of the modified IEEE RTS-24 and two-area IEEE reliability test system-1996 indicate the proposed TH&P model can meet the requirements for both normal and damage scenarios.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10452306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05090
Zekai Wang;Tao Ding;Xiaosheng Zhang;Chenggang Mu;Pengwei Du;Fangxing Li
This paper proposes a voltage source converter (VSC) -based AC-DC hybrid distribution system (HDS) resilient model to mitigate power outages caused by wildfires. Before a wildfire happens, the public-safety power shutoff (PSPS) strategy is applied to actively cut some vulnerable lines which may easily cause wildfires, and reinforce some lines that are connected to critical loads. To mitigate load shedding caused by active line disconnection in the PSPS strategy, network reconfiguration is applied before the wildfire occurrence. During the restoration period, repair crews (RCs) repair faulted lines, and network reconfiguration is also taken into consideration in the recovery strategy to pick up critical loads. Since there exists possible errors in the wildfire prediction, several different scenarios of wildfire occurrence have been taken into consideration, leading to the proposition of a stochastic multi-period resilient model for the VSC-based AC-DC HDS. To accelerate the computational performance, a progressive hedging algorithm has been applied to solve the stochastic model which can be written as a mixed-integer linear program. The proposed model is verified on a 106-bus AC-DC HDS under wildfire conditions, and the result shows the proposed model not only can improve the system resilience but also accelerate computational speed.
{"title":"Multi-Period Resilient Model for VSC-Based AC-DC HDS Considering Public-Safety Power Shutoff to Mitigate Wildfires","authors":"Zekai Wang;Tao Ding;Xiaosheng Zhang;Chenggang Mu;Pengwei Du;Fangxing Li","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a voltage source converter (VSC) -based AC-DC hybrid distribution system (HDS) resilient model to mitigate power outages caused by wildfires. Before a wildfire happens, the public-safety power shutoff (PSPS) strategy is applied to actively cut some vulnerable lines which may easily cause wildfires, and reinforce some lines that are connected to critical loads. To mitigate load shedding caused by active line disconnection in the PSPS strategy, network reconfiguration is applied before the wildfire occurrence. During the restoration period, repair crews (RCs) repair faulted lines, and network reconfiguration is also taken into consideration in the recovery strategy to pick up critical loads. Since there exists possible errors in the wildfire prediction, several different scenarios of wildfire occurrence have been taken into consideration, leading to the proposition of a stochastic multi-period resilient model for the VSC-based AC-DC HDS. To accelerate the computational performance, a progressive hedging algorithm has been applied to solve the stochastic model which can be written as a mixed-integer linear program. The proposed model is verified on a 106-bus AC-DC HDS under wildfire conditions, and the result shows the proposed model not only can improve the system resilience but also accelerate computational speed.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10452302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2024.00190
Yalun Li;Minggao Ouyang;C. C. Chan;Xueliang Sun;Yonghua Song;Wei Cai;Yilin Xie;Yuqiong Mao
The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems. Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion. However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions are needed through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionally play the role of energy consumption in power systems. To clarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVs as terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEE JPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevant fields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions on topics such as vehicle-grid integration technology, advanced solid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motor technology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain. These experts also provided prospects for energy storage and utilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new power systems.
{"title":"Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects","authors":"Yalun Li;Minggao Ouyang;C. C. Chan;Xueliang Sun;Yonghua Song;Wei Cai;Yilin Xie;Yuqiong Mao","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2024.00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2024.00190","url":null,"abstract":"The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems. Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion. However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions are needed through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionally play the role of energy consumption in power systems. To clarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVs as terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEE JPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevant fields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions on topics such as vehicle-grid integration technology, advanced solid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motor technology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain. These experts also provided prospects for energy storage and utilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new power systems.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of renewable energy resources in LV distribution networks may lead to a distribution transformer, also known as a Smart Transformer (ST), experiencing the bidirectional power flow. Therefore, the ST must have the capability to operate in both directions. However, the reverse power is less as compared to the forward power, thus the design of ST with the same capacity in both directions increases the hardware cost and decreases the system efficiency. This paper proposes a Hybrid-modular-ST (H-ST), composed of a mixed use of single active bridge-based series resonant converter and dual active bridge instead of complete use of uni-or bi-directional converter adopted in the conventional solid-state-transformer. Based on the proposed H-ST, the impacts of power imbalance among cascaded modules in reverse operation mode are analyzed and then an effective solution based on reactive power compensation combined with the characteristics of the proposed architecture is adopted. The simulation and experimental results clearly validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical analyses.
低压配电网络中可再生能源的存在可能会导致配电变压器（也称为智能变压器（ST））出现双向电力流动。因此，智能变压器必须具备双向运行的能力。然而，与正向功率相比，反向功率较小，因此设计双向容量相同的 ST 会增加硬件成本并降低系统效率。本文提出了一种混合模块化 ST（H-ST），由基于单有源桥的串联谐振转换器和双有源桥混合使用组成，而不是完全使用传统固态变压器中采用的单向或双向转换器。基于所提出的 H-ST 架构，分析了反向运行模式下级联模块间功率不平衡的影响，并结合所提出的架构特点，提出了基于无功功率补偿的有效解决方案。仿真和实验结果清楚地验证了理论分析的有效性和可行性。
{"title":"Hybrid Modular Smart Transformer for Asymmetrically Bidirectional Power Flow Operation","authors":"Kangan Wang;Youngjong Ko;Rongwu Zhu;Siyu Wu;Weimin Wu;Marco Liserre","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05650","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of renewable energy resources in LV distribution networks may lead to a distribution transformer, also known as a Smart Transformer (ST), experiencing the bidirectional power flow. Therefore, the ST must have the capability to operate in both directions. However, the reverse power is less as compared to the forward power, thus the design of ST with the same capacity in both directions increases the hardware cost and decreases the system efficiency. This paper proposes a Hybrid-modular-ST (H-ST), composed of a mixed use of single active bridge-based series resonant converter and dual active bridge instead of complete use of uni-or bi-directional converter adopted in the conventional solid-state-transformer. Based on the proposed H-ST, the impacts of power imbalance among cascaded modules in reverse operation mode are analyzed and then an effective solution based on reactive power compensation combined with the characteristics of the proposed architecture is adopted. The simulation and experimental results clearly validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical analyses.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The massive integration of communication and information technology with the large-scale power grid has enhanced the efficiency, safety, and economical operation of cyber-physical systems. However, the open and diversified communication environment of the smart grid is exposed to cyber-attacks. Data integrity attacks that can bypass conventional security techniques have been considered critical threats to the operation of the grid. Current detection techniques cannot learn the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics of the smart grid and are unable to deal with non-euclidean data types. To address the issue, we propose a novel Deep-Q-Network scheme empowered with a graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to detect data integrity attacks in cyber-physical systems. The simulation results show that the proposed framework is scalable and achieves higher detection accuracy, unlike other benchmark techniques.
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning-Empowered Graph Convolutional Network Framework for Data Integrity Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Edeh Vincent;Mehdi Korki;Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian;Alex Stojcevski;Saad Mekhilef","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.01250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.01250","url":null,"abstract":"The massive integration of communication and information technology with the large-scale power grid has enhanced the efficiency, safety, and economical operation of cyber-physical systems. However, the open and diversified communication environment of the smart grid is exposed to cyber-attacks. Data integrity attacks that can bypass conventional security techniques have been considered critical threats to the operation of the grid. Current detection techniques cannot learn the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics of the smart grid and are unable to deal with non-euclidean data types. To address the issue, we propose a novel Deep-Q-Network scheme empowered with a graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to detect data integrity attacks in cyber-physical systems. The simulation results show that the proposed framework is scalable and achieves higher detection accuracy, unlike other benchmark techniques.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07410
Jian Xu;Zhonghao He;Siyang Liao;Yuanzhang Sun;Liangzhong Yao;Deping Ke;Jun Yang
The early detection of cascading failure plays an important role in the safe and stable operation of the power system with high penetration of renewable energy. This paper proposes a fault propagation dynamic model based on the epidemic model, and further puts forward a method to detect the development of cascading failures. Through the simulation of the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems, this model is proven to be valid and capable of providing practical technical support for the prevention of cascading failures in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy. This paper also provides an analysis method for the choice of different protection and control measures at each stage of cascading failure, which has critical significance and follow-up value.
{"title":"Detection Method for Cascading Failure of Power Systems Based on Epidemic Model","authors":"Jian Xu;Zhonghao He;Siyang Liao;Yuanzhang Sun;Liangzhong Yao;Deping Ke;Jun Yang","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07410","url":null,"abstract":"The early detection of cascading failure plays an important role in the safe and stable operation of the power system with high penetration of renewable energy. This paper proposes a fault propagation dynamic model based on the epidemic model, and further puts forward a method to detect the development of cascading failures. Through the simulation of the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems, this model is proven to be valid and capable of providing practical technical support for the prevention of cascading failures in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy. This paper also provides an analysis method for the choice of different protection and control measures at each stage of cascading failure, which has critical significance and follow-up value.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：