Shawn D. Hurst, Ralph L. Holloway, Antoine Balzeau, Heather M. Garvin, William B. Vanti, Lee R. Berger, John Hawks
{"title":"The endocast morphology of LES1, Homo naledi","authors":"Shawn D. Hurst, Ralph L. Holloway, Antoine Balzeau, Heather M. Garvin, William B. Vanti, Lee R. Berger, John Hawks","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24983","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p><i>Homo</i> naledi is near the extreme of small brain size within <i>Homo</i> but is easily recognized as <i>Homo</i> in other aspects of endocast morphology. This study adds new evidence of the endocast morphology of <i>H.</i> naledi by describing the Lesedi Hominin 1 (LES1) endocranium from the Lesedi Chamber and compares it to the previously known <i>H.</i> naledi individual Dinaledi Hominin 3 (DH3) as well as other hominin taxa.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>We examined interlandmark distances with both univariate and multivariate methods in multiple hominin taxa and both species of <i>Pan</i>. For each distance, we compared groups using adjusted <i>Z</i>-scores (Azs). Our multivariate analyses included both principal component analyses (PCA) and linear discriminant analyses (LDA).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>DH3 and LES1 each have absolute third frontal convolution measures that enter the upper half of the variation for <i>Homo sapiens, Homo erectus</i>, and <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>. Examined relative to the cube root of endocranial volume, <i>H.</i> naledi ranks among the highest values in these samples of <i>Homo</i>. Both absolute and relative values for <i>H.</i> naledi specimens are far above <i>Pan, Australopithecus</i>, and <i>Paranthropus</i>, suggesting an expanded Broca's area.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Both qualitative and quantitative analyses show consistency between LES1 and other <i>H.</i> naledi endocasts and confirm the shared morphology of <i>H.</i> naledi with <i>H. sapiens</i>, <i>H. neanderthalensis</i>, and some specimens of <i>H. erectus</i>.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.24983","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives
Homo naledi is near the extreme of small brain size within Homo but is easily recognized as Homo in other aspects of endocast morphology. This study adds new evidence of the endocast morphology of H. naledi by describing the Lesedi Hominin 1 (LES1) endocranium from the Lesedi Chamber and compares it to the previously known H. naledi individual Dinaledi Hominin 3 (DH3) as well as other hominin taxa.
Materials and Methods
We examined interlandmark distances with both univariate and multivariate methods in multiple hominin taxa and both species of Pan. For each distance, we compared groups using adjusted Z-scores (Azs). Our multivariate analyses included both principal component analyses (PCA) and linear discriminant analyses (LDA).
Results
DH3 and LES1 each have absolute third frontal convolution measures that enter the upper half of the variation for Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, and Homo neanderthalensis. Examined relative to the cube root of endocranial volume, H. naledi ranks among the highest values in these samples of Homo. Both absolute and relative values for H. naledi specimens are far above Pan, Australopithecus, and Paranthropus, suggesting an expanded Broca's area.
Conclusions
Both qualitative and quantitative analyses show consistency between LES1 and other H. naledi endocasts and confirm the shared morphology of H. naledi with H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, and some specimens of H. erectus.
目的:纳雷迪智人的脑容量在智人中接近极小,但在内脏形态的其他方面却很容易被认定为智人。本研究通过描述来自莱塞迪室的莱塞迪人1(LES1)内颅,并将其与之前已知的纳勒迪人个体迪纳勒迪人3(DH3)以及其他类人动物进行比较,为纳勒迪人的内颅骨形态增添了新的证据:我们使用单变量和多变量方法研究了多个类人类群和两个潘氏物种的地标间距离。对于每个距离,我们使用调整后的 Z 分数(Azs)对各组进行比较。我们的多变量分析包括主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA):结果:DH3和LES1各自的第三额叶绝对卷积测量值都进入了智人、直立人和尼安德特人变异的上半部分。相对于颅内容积的立方根,纳勒迪人在这些智人样本中属于最高值。纳利迪人标本的绝对值和相对值都远远高于潘人、澳洲人和古人类,这表明布罗卡氏区扩大了:结论:定性和定量分析均显示 LES1 与纳雷迪人的其他内胚层具有一致性,并证实了纳雷迪人与智人、尼安德特人以及直立人的一些标本具有共同的形态。