American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger? Examining Relationships Between Early-Life Stress, Later-Life Inflammation and Mortality Risk in Skeletal Remains

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70005

B. R. Wigley, E. C. Stillman, E. Craig-Atkins

Objectives

This paper explores conflicting perspectives on the adaptive significance of phenotypic plasticity during fetal and early postnatal development and the impact that stressors experienced during this critical early-life period have on later-life morbidity and mortality risk.

Methods

The sample (n = 216) comprised archeologically-recovered human skeletons. A geometric morphometric (GM) method was employed to evaluate first permanent molar (M1) fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and provide a proxy for early-life stress. Shifts in later-life physiology were inferred through two inflammatory lesions: periosteal new bone formation (PNBF) and periodontal disease (PD). To explore mortality risk, age-at-death was estimated through dental development for skeletally immature individuals (n = 104) and through senescent skeletal changes for mature skeletons (n = 112).

Results

Significant differences were found in M1 FA between groups, with the immature cohort associated with elevated FA. Within-group analysis revealed age-at-death in the immature group had a significant positive relationship with M1 FA and PD presence. In the mature group, alongside sex and the co-occurrence of PD and PNBF, FA was a significant predictor of a shorter life. Higher FA was also associated with active and bilaterally expressed PNBF.

Conclusions

It is theorized that early-life stress, if survived, programmed a hyperinflammatory response to environmentally-mediated physiological perturbations which increased the chances of survival during subsequent development but also elevated later-life mortality risk. Findings demonstrate a complicated relationship between developmental stress and physiological shifts that helps to illustrate the adaptive significance of early-life programming and support the Thrifty Phenotype hypothesis.

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引用次数: 0

Dietary Variation Among Herculaneum's Victims of Mt. Vesuvius via Dental Microwear Texture Analysis

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70000

Christopher W. Schmidt, Ashley Remy, Ruggero D'Anastasio

The Roman site of Herculaneum provides an extraordinary opportunity to reconstruct ancient diets in the context of life course theory because everyone died simultaneously due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Objectives: The current study addresses three primary hypotheses: (1) Subadult diets changed as children aged, (2) adult diets differed from subadult diets, and (3) male and female diets differed as they age. Materials and Methods: This study includes dental microwear texture data from 58 adults (age 16+) and 23 subadults (age 0–16) recovered by Sarah Bisel from within and near to storage rooms adjacent to Herculaneum's beach. The adults include 27 females and 31 males. Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) employed standard procedures: data collection used a white-light confocal profiler at 100×. The DMTA variables were complexity, anisotropy, textural fill volume, and scale of maximum complexity. Statistical methods used Bayesian versions of analysis of variance and correlation (Bayes factors above 1.5 were considered meaningful and above 3.0 significant) as well as discriminant function analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: No differences emerged among the children. Adult diets were significantly lower than the subadults for anisotropy. Among the adults, age affected the females more, particularly for anisotropy. Discussion: Subadult diets did not vary by age, but they did vary. The lower adult anisotropy indicates each adult ate a greater variety of foods compared to the subadults. As females aged, however, their diets became more restricted compared to the males. Overall, age and sex affected the Herculaneum diet.

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引用次数: 0

Inter-Observer Processing and Measurement Error Are Low for 2D Dental Measurements on Shared microCT Scans

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70001

Kaita N. Gurian, Debra Guatelli-Steinberg, W. Scott McGraw, Jess Rychel, Mackie C. O'Hara

Objectives

Sharing micro-computed tomographic (μCT) scans of teeth increases data accessibility and reduces the need for repeated scans of any given specimen. However, the use of the same TIFF stacks or DICOMs by multiple individuals has the potential to introduce new sources of error. Here, we explore whether use of the same μCT scans by different persons produces comparable results.

Materials and Methods

Worn (N = 11) and unworn (N = 4) Cercocebus atys upper molars (UM1 N = 8, UM2 N = 7) were μCT scanned using a Bruker Skyscan 1172 High Resolution Ex Vivo Scanner at a resolution of 22 μm. Two individuals (K.N.G. and M.C.O.) created a 2D mesial slice for each TIFF stack (tooth). Worn teeth were reconstructed by K.N.G. and M.C.O. Three researchers (M.C.O., K.N.G., and J.R.) measured tooth shape, linear enamel thickness, average enamel thickness, and relative enamel thickness (AET and RET). Inter-observer percent error was calculated for each measurement. Univariate ANOVAs were calculated to evaluate variance due to slice maker, reconstructor, tooth, and measurer when percent error averaged > 5%.

Results

For unworn teeth, error was generally low and largely due to the person doing the measurement. For worn teeth, wear reconstructor was a statistically significant source of variation for AET and RET.

Discussion

We found that (1) inter-observer error was generally low, (2) linear measurements are prone to error, (3) worn teeth did not present an additional source of error as compared to unworn teeth, and (4) different people can use the same μCT scans to reliably reconstruct, slice, and measure teeth.

目的：共享牙齿的微型计算机断层扫描（μCT）可提高数据的可访问性，并减少对任何给定标本重复扫描的需要。然而，多人使用相同的 TIFF 文件或 DICOM 文件有可能带来新的误差源。在此，我们探讨了不同的人使用相同的μCT扫描是否会产生可比的结果：使用布鲁克 Skyscan 1172 高分辨率体外扫描仪以 22 μm 的分辨率对磨损（N = 11）和未磨损（N = 4）的 Cercocebus atys 上臼齿（UM1 N = 8，UM2 N = 7）进行 μCT 扫描。两个人（K.N.G.和 M.C.O.）为每个 TIFF 堆栈（牙齿）创建了一个二维中轴切片。三名研究人员（M.C.O.、K.N.G.和 J.R.）测量了牙齿形状、线性釉质厚度、平均釉质厚度和相对釉质厚度（AET 和 RET）。每次测量都计算了观察者之间的百分比误差。当误差百分比平均大于 5%时，计算单变量方差分析以评估切片制作者、重建者、牙齿和测量者造成的差异：结果：对于未磨损的牙齿，误差一般较低，主要是测量者造成的。对于磨损的牙齿，磨损重建器是造成 AET 和 RET 差异的重要原因：我们发现：(1) 观察者之间的误差普遍较低；(2) 线性测量容易产生误差；(3) 与未磨损的牙齿相比，磨损的牙齿不会产生额外的误差；(4) 不同的人可以使用相同的 μCT 扫描来可靠地重建、切片和测量牙齿。

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引用次数: 0

Cover & Editorial Board

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24957

引用次数: 0

Outreach inspo, anthropology style. Review of: Cool anthropology: How to engage the public with academic research. By Kristina Baines, Victoria Costa (Eds.), Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2022. pp. 270. $32.95/$26.95 (paperback/ebook). ISBN: 9781487524418

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25018

Kristina Killgrove

引用次数: 0

Correction to “Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula)”

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25061

Lozano M, Soler J, López-Onaindia D, et al. Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula). Am J Biol Anthropol. 2024;185(4):e25037. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25037

In the original published version of this article, affiliations 1, 3, and 6 had errors.

The correct affiliations are listed below.

Affiliation 1.

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain.

Affiliation 3.

Institut Català de Recerca en Patrimoni Cultural (ICRPC-CERCA), Edifici Pia Almoina, Girona, Spain.

Affiliation 6.

Geociencias CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.

We apologize for these errors.

引用次数: 0

Immersive Videography of Ancient DNA Extraction for Community Engagement and Educational Initiatives by the Anson Street African Burial Ground Project 安森街非洲墓地项目为社区参与和教育倡议的古代DNA提取的沉浸式录像。

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25055

Raquel E. Fleskes, Joanna K. Gilmore, La' Sheia Oubré, Ade A. Ofunniyin, Graciela S. Cabana, Theodore G. Schurr

Objective

Community engagement is an increasingly important component of ancient DNA (aDNA) research, especially when it involves archeological individuals connected to contemporary descendants or other invested communities. However, effectively explaining methods to non-specialist audiences can be challenging due to the intricacies of aDNA laboratory work. To overcome this challenge, the Anson Street African Burial Ground (ASABG) Project employed a GoPro camera to visually document the process of aDNA extraction for use in community engagement and education events.

Methods

A GoPro Hero 6 camera enclosed in a decontaminated underwater case was used to film multiple rounds of aDNA extractions from first- and third-person perspectives. The raw footage was edited into long (13-minute) and short (5-minute) format videos to summarize the steps of aDNA extraction for different educational aims.

Results

The videos were used at community engagement events, as well as in classrooms and other educational venues for students of different age groups. General feedback from the community was solicited at the events. We found that the use of videographic methods increased the transparency and accessibility of the aDNA research conducted by the ASABG Project team.

Discussion

Providing a visual guide to the often destructive nature of aDNA testing served as an important step in the continuing practice of informed (dynamic) consent with the descendant community. Future initiatives could expand these visualization efforts by illustrating other steps in the aDNA testing process, such as library preparation or sequencing, or incorporating approaches such as live streaming to foster trust and expand public science literacy.

目的：社区参与是古代DNA （aDNA）研究中越来越重要的组成部分，特别是当它涉及与当代后代或其他投资社区相关的考古个体时。然而，由于aDNA实验室工作的复杂性，有效地向非专业受众解释方法可能具有挑战性。为了克服这一挑战，安森街非洲墓地（ASABG）项目使用GoPro相机直观地记录了aDNA提取的过程，用于社区参与和教育活动。方法：用GoPro Hero 6相机封闭在一个去污的水下盒子中，从第一和第三人称视角拍摄多轮aDNA提取。原始片段被编辑成长（13分钟）和短（5分钟）格式的视频，以总结不同教育目的的aDNA提取步骤。结果：这些视频被用于社区参与活动，以及不同年龄段学生的教室和其他教育场所。在活动中征求了社区的一般反馈。我们发现使用录像方法增加了ASABG项目组进行的aDNA研究的透明度和可及性。讨论：为aDNA检测的破坏性提供视觉指导，是与后代社区继续进行知情（动态）同意实践的重要一步。未来的计划可以通过说明aDNA测试过程中的其他步骤来扩展这些可视化工作，例如库准备或测序，或者结合直播等方法来培养信任和扩大公众科学素养。

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引用次数: 0

A Friendlier “Kinda” Social System: Male Kinda Baboons Invest in Long-Term Social Bonds With Females 一个更友好的“有点”社会系统：雄性有点狒狒投资于与雌性的长期社会关系。

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25056

Anna H. Weyher, Marley Katinta, Benjamin Mubemba, Megan Petersdorf, Jason M. Kamilar, India A. Schneider-Crease, Kenneth L. Chiou

Objectives

Certain group-living mammals—including many primates—exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (Papio sp.) are particularly well-characterized. These relationships tend to revolve around the female reproductive cycle and are generally female-initiated and female-maintained. Kinda baboons (P. kindae) appear to diverge phylogenetically and behaviorally from other baboons. Here, we assess how Kinda baboons differ socially by characterizing female–male relationships using 9 years of data on a population in Kasanka National Park, Zambia.

Methods

We used generalized linear mixed models to assess grooming rates and directionality for individuals and among female/male dyads, patterns of between-sex proximity, and rates of agonistic behavior. We examined these patterns across female reproductive states and evaluated the degree to which dyadic affiliations persisted over time.

Results

We find that female–male relationships in Kinda baboons are characterized by a high degree of male investment with low aggression that persists across female reproductive states and years. We find that females have strong affiliations with a single male while males have strong affiliations with multiple females at a time. Males are largely responsible for initiation, grooming, and proximity in affiliative relationships with females, and dyads often persist across years.

Discussion

Our results suggest that Kinda baboons represent a mosaic of baboon social features and, paired with recent genomic evidence about their population history, may resemble the ancestral baboon phenotype. This expands our understanding of the “baboon model” for comparative socioecology and emphasizes the high variability and evolvability of social phenotypes.

目的：某些群居哺乳动物——包括许多灵长类动物——在交配后仍然表现出两性之间的从属关系。雌性和雄性狒狒（Papio sp.）之间的关系特别有特点。这些关系往往围绕着女性的生殖周期，通常是女性发起和维持的。类型化狒狒（类型化狒狒科）似乎在系统发育和行为上与其他狒狒有所不同。在这里，我们利用赞比亚卡桑卡国家公园9年的种群数据，通过描述雌性-雄性关系来评估Kinda狒狒的社会差异。方法：我们使用广义线性混合模型来评估个体和雌雄双体之间的梳理率和方向性，性别之间的接近模式和竞争行为的比率。我们检查了女性生殖状态的这些模式，并评估了二元关系随时间持续的程度。结果：我们发现金达狒狒的雌雄关系具有高度的雄性投入和低攻击性的特征，这种特征在雌性生殖状态和年龄中持续存在。我们发现雌性与单个雄性有强烈的联系，而雄性同时与多个雌性有强烈的联系。在与雌性的亲密关系中，雄性在很大程度上负责启蒙、梳理和接近，而成对通常会持续数年。讨论：我们的研究结果表明，Kinda狒狒代表了狒狒社会特征的马赛克，并且与最近关于其种群历史的基因组证据相结合，可能类似于祖先狒狒的表型。这扩展了我们对比较社会生态学的“狒狒模型”的理解，并强调了社会表型的高度可变性和进化性。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic Correlations Among Dental, Mandibular, and Postcranial Dimensions in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）牙齿、下颌和颅后尺寸的遗传相关性。

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25059

Anna M. Hardin

Objectives

Tooth dimensions typically scale with mandibular and postcranial size in primates, although the exact pattern of scaling varies. This study assesses whether correlations by tissue type, anatomical region, or function (mastication or intrasexual competition) are present and could therefore act as evolutionary constraints on tooth-jaw-body size relationships by estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations between dental, mandibular, and postcranial dimensions in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Materials and Methods

The teeth, mandibles, and postcrania of 362 adults from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection were measured. Humeral and femoral articular surfaces were selected to represent skeletal elements frequently used to reconstruct primate body size. Genetic correlations were estimated in SOLAR. Random skewers analyses were used to compare genetic and phenotypic correlation matrices to each other and to test matrices.

Results

The genetic correlation matrix was most similar to the test matrix of integration by tissue type (tooth and bone) (r = 0.765, p < 0.001), and nearly as similar to the anatomical region test matrix (r = 0.714, p < 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of the genetic correlation matrix showed similar separation by tissue type. Phenotypic correlation matrices were significantly similar to the genetic correlation matrix (r = 0.813–0.846, p < 0.001) and to most of the test matrices.

Conclusions

Postcanine dental traits were highly heritable but were not closely genetically correlated with mandibular or postcranial dimensions. These findings indicate that scaling relationships between tooth and bone may be maintained in some populations through nongenetic, environmental factors rather than genetic constraints.

目的：在灵长类动物中，牙齿尺寸通常与下颌和颅后尺寸成比例，尽管准确的比例模式各不相同。本研究通过评估恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）牙齿、下颌和颅后尺寸之间的遗传和表型相关性，评估组织类型、解剖区域或功能（咀嚼或性内竞争）是否存在相关性，并因此可能作为牙齿-下颌-身体尺寸关系的进化约束。材料和方法：测量了圣地亚哥岛362名成年人的牙齿、下颌骨和后颅骨。肱骨和股骨关节面被选择来代表经常用于重建灵长类动物体型的骨骼元素。在SOLAR中估计遗传相关性。随机串分析用于比较遗传和表型相关矩阵彼此和测试矩阵。结果：遗传相关矩阵与组织类型（牙和骨）整合的测试矩阵最相似（r = 0.765, p）。结论：犬牙后性状具有高度遗传性，但与下颌或颅后尺寸的遗传相关性不密切。这些发现表明，在一些人群中，牙齿和骨骼之间的缩放关系可能是通过非遗传的环境因素而不是遗传限制来维持的。

{"title":"Genetic Correlations Among Dental, Mandibular, and Postcranial Dimensions in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)","authors":"Anna M. Hardin","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tooth dimensions typically scale with mandibular and postcranial size in primates, although the exact pattern of scaling varies. This study assesses whether correlations by tissue type, anatomical region, or function (mastication or intrasexual competition) are present and could therefore act as evolutionary constraints on tooth-jaw-body size relationships by estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations between dental, mandibular, and postcranial dimensions in rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The teeth, mandibles, and postcrania of 362 adults from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection were measured. Humeral and femoral articular surfaces were selected to represent skeletal elements frequently used to reconstruct primate body size. Genetic correlations were estimated in SOLAR. Random skewers analyses were used to compare genetic and phenotypic correlation matrices to each other and to test matrices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genetic correlation matrix was most similar to the test matrix of integration by tissue type (tooth and bone) (<i>r</i> = 0.765, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and nearly as similar to the anatomical region test matrix (<i>r</i> = 0.714, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of the genetic correlation matrix showed similar separation by tissue type. Phenotypic correlation matrices were significantly similar to the genetic correlation matrix (<i>r</i> = 0.813–0.846, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and to most of the test matrices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postcanine dental traits were highly heritable but were not closely genetically correlated with mandibular or postcranial dimensions. These findings indicate that scaling relationships between tooth and bone may be maintained in some populations through nongenetic, environmental factors rather than genetic constraints.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skeletal and Adipose Manifestations of Stress in a Contemporary Pediatric Sample 当代儿科样本中压力的骨骼和脂肪表现。

IF 1.7 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25058

Lexi O'Donnell, Louise Corron, Ethan C. Hill, Jordan Perez, Michael O'Donnell Jr, Bronwyn Wyatt

Introduction

Adverse experiences leading to physiological disruptions (stress) in early life produce cascade effects on various biological systems, including the endocrine and metabolic systems, which, in turn, shape the developing skeletal system. To evaluate the effects of stress on adipose and skeletal tissues, we examine the relationship between skeletal indicators of stress (porotic hyperostosis [PH] and cribra orbitalia [CO]), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters, and adipose tissue distribution in a contemporary pediatric autopsy sample.

Methods

Data is from 702 (409 males, 293 females) individuals from a pediatric (0.5–20.9 years) autopsy sample from New Mexico who died between 2011 and 2022. Data includes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the abdomen, heart, and liver, CO/PH, VNC size of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and BMD.

Results

We find that adipose tissue distribution and location are differentially associated with CO/PH, BMD, and VNC size; VNC size is smaller, and liver adiposity is higher in those with CO/PH. Further, increased VAT and small VNC size are associated with PH presence and low BMD. Body mass index categories do not correspond with porous cranial lesion presence.

Conclusions

This paper provides evidence for the complex relationship between skeletal markers of early-life stress (CO/PH, reduced VNC size, low BMD) and endocrine system function. VAT distribution and VNC size are partly shaped by stressors during gestation, likely through alterations of the HPA axis. It is possible that alterations of the HPA axis due to gestational stress also shape the expression of porous cranial lesions during exposure to childhood stressors.

在生命早期导致生理中断（应激）的不良经历对各种生物系统产生级联效应，包括内分泌和代谢系统，这些系统反过来塑造了发育中的骨骼系统。为了评估应激对脂肪和骨骼组织的影响，我们在当代儿科尸检样本中研究了应激的骨骼指标（骨质疏松症（porotic hyperostosis， PH）和眶嵴（cribra orbitalia， CO））、骨矿物质密度（BMD）、椎神经管（VNC）直径和脂肪组织分布之间的关系。方法：数据来自702人（409名男性，293名女性），来自新墨西哥州2011年至2022年间死亡的儿童（0.5-20.9岁）尸检样本。数据包括腹部、心脏和肝脏的内脏脂肪组织（VAT）、CO/PH、第五腰椎的VNC大小和骨密度。结果：我们发现脂肪组织的分布和位置与CO/PH、BMD和VNC大小存在差异；CO/PH值高的小鼠VNC大小较小，肝脏肥胖程度较高。此外，增加的VAT和较小的VNC大小与PH存在和低BMD有关。身体质量指数类别与多孔性颅骨病变不一致。结论：本文为早期生活应激的骨骼标志物（CO/PH、VNC减小、低骨密度）与内分泌系统功能之间的复杂关系提供了证据。VAT分布和VNC大小部分是由妊娠期间的应激源形成的，可能是通过HPA轴的改变。由于妊娠应激引起的HPA轴的改变也可能在暴露于童年应激源时形成多孔性颅骨病变的表达。

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引用次数: 0