The tryptophan metabolic pathway of the microbiome and host cells in health and disease.

IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY International immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1093/intimm/dxae035
Kentaro Miyamoto, Tomohisa Sujino, Takanori Kanai
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Abstract

The intricate and dynamic tryptophan (Trp) metabolic pathway in both the microbiome and host cells highlights its profound implications for health and disease. This pathway involves complex interactions between host cellular and bacteria processes, producing bioactive compounds such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and kynurenine derivatives. Immune responses to Trp metabolites through specific receptors have been explored, highlighting the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammation modulation. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in various diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, mood disorders, neuronal diseases, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and cancer. In this article, we describe the impact of the 5-HT, Trp, indole, and Trp metabolites on health and disease. Furthermore, we review the impact of microbiome-derived Trp metabolites that affect immune responses and contribute to maintaining homeostasis, especially in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis model of MS.

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微生物组和宿主细胞在健康和疾病中的色氨酸代谢途径。
微生物组和宿主细胞中错综复杂而又充满活力的色氨酸(Trp)代谢途径凸显了其对健康和疾病的深远影响。这一途径涉及宿主细胞和细菌过程之间复杂的相互作用,产生生物活性化合物,如 5-羟色胺(5-HT)和犬尿氨酸(Kyn)衍生物。通过特定受体对 Trp 代谢物的免疫反应已得到探讨,其中突出了芳基烃受体(AHR)在炎症调节中的作用。这一途径的失调与多种疾病有关,如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症、情绪障碍、神经元疾病、自身免疫性疾病(如多发性硬化症)和癌症。本文介绍了 5-羟色胺、Trp、吲哚和 Trp 代谢物对健康和疾病的影响。此外,我们还回顾了微生物衍生的 Trp 代谢物对免疫反应的影响以及对维持体内平衡的作用,尤其是在多发性硬化症的实验性自身免疫性脑炎 (EAE) 模型中的作用。
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来源期刊
International immunology
International immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
2.30%
发文量
51
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Immunology is an online only (from Jan 2018) journal that publishes basic research and clinical studies from all areas of immunology and includes research conducted in laboratories throughout the world.
期刊最新文献
γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes acquire the ability to produce IFN-γ in a different time course than αβ intraepithelial lymphocytes. The tryptophan metabolic pathway of the microbiome and host cells in health and disease. Regulation of memory CD4+ T-cell generation by intrinsic and extrinsic IL-27 signaling during malaria infection. Supersulphides suppress type-I and type-II interferon responses by blocking JAK/STAT signalling in macrophages. Synchronized development of thymic eosinophils and thymocytes.
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