[Prevention of preeclampsia and its complications].

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by gestational hypertension associated with proteinuria or organ dysfunction after 20 weeks of gestation. It complicates 2 to 8 % of pregnancies worldwide and represents the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality in developed countries. The only definitive treatment remains termination of pregnancy and delivery of the placenta. Prompt assessment of maternal and fetal status should be held in search of severity criteria and adequate management of this condition according to gestational age. Foremost concerns for pregnant patients are impending eclampsia or placental abruption, while fetal complications arise from placental insufficiency and risks associated with premature pregnancy termination. The sole efficient prophylaxis of preeclampsia in current state of evidence is aspirin at a dosage of 160 mg per day in high risk patients. Preeclampsia is now recognized as a high-risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and neurological diseases and should therefore be considered as an opportunity for screening and prevention.