Enhancing Disability Nursing Practice in Australia: Addressing Educational Preparedness.

Natasha Jojo, Rhonda L Wilson
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Abstract

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) face significant health challenges, including poor outcomes, limited access to health care, and a 26-year life expectancy gap compared with the general population. This highlights the need for improved public health and social policies to enhance the quality of care in hospital and community settings. An integrated literature review was conducted to examine the state of disability nursing practice in Australia following the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Support (NDIS) scheme. The review included English-language studies published from 2010 to 2023. Systematic searches in five databases resulted in a final sample of 28 studies. The data were then thematically analysed, and the following three themes emerged: Workforce development and professional standards, hospital experience and support needs of individuals with IDs, and nursing curriculum and ID. Study findings suggest that nurses lack preparation for effective health communication with individuals with IDs and their families. Evidence is insufficient to guide nursing practice and policies in ID care. Varying understandings of practice standards exist among nurses. Nursing curriculums in Australia fail to adequately prepare students to manage the unique needs of individuals with IDs, perpetuating the high mortality rates in this population. Specialised nursing practice areas are vital for meeting the complex needs of individuals with IDs. Reintroducing a disability nursing specialty and integrating dedicated study units and clinical placements in undergraduate programmes are recommended steps to improve care outcomes and support the overall well-being of this population.

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加强澳大利亚残疾护理实践:解决教育准备问题。
智障人士(IDs)面临着巨大的健康挑战,包括治疗效果不佳、获得医疗保健的机会有限,以及与普通人群相比长达 26 年的预期寿命差距。这凸显了改善公共卫生和社会政策以提高医院和社区护理质量的必要性。我们进行了一项综合文献综述,以研究澳大利亚在实施国家残疾保险支持计划(NDIS)后的残疾护理实践状况。综述包括 2010 年至 2023 年期间发表的英文研究。通过对五个数据库进行系统检索,最终确定了 28 项研究样本。然后对数据进行了主题分析,并得出以下三个主题:劳动力发展与专业标准、医院经验与智障人士的支持需求,以及护理课程与智障人士。研究结果表明,护士缺乏与智障人士及其家人进行有效健康沟通的准备。指导智障人士护理实践和政策的证据不足。护士对实践标准的理解存在差异。澳大利亚的护理课程未能使学生做好充分准备,以满足智障人士的独特需求,从而导致这一人群的死亡率居高不下。专业护理实践领域对于满足智障人士的复杂需求至关重要。建议在本科课程中重新引入残疾护理专业,并整合专门的学习单元和临床实习,以改善护理成果,支持这一群体的整体福祉。
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