Closing the loop of small WEEE – life cycle based approach for the evaluation of end-of-life strategies on the example of coffee machines

IF 5.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Resources, conservation & recycling advances Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI:10.1016/j.rcradv.2024.200220
Malina Nikolic , Gianna Bergmann , Nora Schelte , Semih Severengiz
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Abstract

Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is one of the fastest growing waste streams in Europe. Only 42.5 % of WEEE is collected and recycled with even lower rates for small WEEE, leading to significant environmental pressures. Applying end-of-life (EoL) strategies helps to ensure raw material availability, increases price resilience and reduces environmental impacts.

This study analyses greenhouse gas (GHG) and cost saving potentials of EoL strategies (recycling, component reuse, remanufacturing and reuse), performed by manufacturers with own take-back systems. A life cycle assessment (LCA), including production, transport and EoL, is conducted to measure the GHG emissions, followed by a unit cost calculation. The results are compared with current practices of WEEE disposal, including WEEE in centralised collection and recycling system (WEEE recycling). As a representative for small EEE, the use case is based on a coffee machine.

The LCA shows that manufacturers have great potential to reduce their products' emissions over the life cycle by taking back WEEE and implementing EoL strategies in-house. Thereby, GHG emissions can be reduced by 15–39 % over the life cycle compared to the WEEE recycling, whereby reuse and remanufacturing strategies have the highest reduction potential.

Moreover, all analysed EoL strategies have the potential to reduce unit costs compared to linear production of a new machine. While the recycling scenario has the lowest cost savings at 7.7 % (new machine with recycled content), the reuse scenario can reduce unit costs by 66.5 % (tested and cleaned only) compared to the status quo.

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小型废弃电子电气设备的闭环--以咖啡机为例,采用基于生命周期的方法评估报废战略
电气和电子设备废物 (WEEE) 是欧洲增长最快的废物流之一。只有 42.5% 的 WEEE 被收集和回收,小型 WEEE 的回收率甚至更低,这导致了巨大的环境压力。本研究分析了由拥有回收系统的制造商实施的生命周期策略(回收、部件再利用、再制造和再利用)的温室气体(GHG)和成本节约潜力。生命周期评估(LCA)包括生产、运输和 EoL,以测量温室气体排放量,然后计算单位成本。评估结果与当前的废弃电子电气设备处理方法进行了比较,包括集中收集和回收系统中的废弃电子电气设备(废弃电子电气设备回收)。生命周期分析表明,制造商通过回收废弃电子电气设备并在内部实施 EoL 战略,在减少其产品生命周期内的排放量方面具有巨大潜力。因此,与回收废旧电子电气设备相比,在整个生命周期内,温室气体排放量可减少 15-39%,其中再利用和再制造策略的减排潜力最大。此外,与线性生产新机器相比,所有分析的 EoL 策略都有可能降低单位成本。回收利用方案节省的成本最低,仅为 7.7%(含回收成分的新机器),而再利用方案与现状相比,可将单位成本降低 66.5%(仅经过测试和清洁)。
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来源期刊
Resources, conservation & recycling advances
Resources, conservation & recycling advances Environmental Science (General)
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
76 days
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