Coalescence and total-variation distance of semi-infinite inverse-gamma polymers

Abstract

We show that two semi-infinite positive temperature polymers coalesce on the scale predicted by KPZ (Kardar–Parisi–Zhang) universality. The two polymer paths have the same asymptotic direction and evolve in the same environment, independently until coalescence. If they start at distance $k$ apart, their coalescence occurs on the scale $k^{3/2}$. It follows that the total variation distance of two semi-infinite polymer measures decays on this same scale. Our results are upper and lower bounds on probabilities and expectations that match, up to constant factors and occasional logarithmic corrections. Our proofs are done in the context of the solvable inverse-gamma polymer model, but without appeal to integrable probability. With minor modifications, our proofs give also bounds on transversal fluctuations of the polymer path. As the free energy of a directed polymer is a discretization of a stochastically forced viscous Hamilton–Jacobi equation, our results suggest that the hyperbolicity phenomenon of such equations obeys the KPZ exponent.