Muhammad Mustafa, Sadaf Sarfraz, Gullelalah Saleem, Touqeer Ahmad Khan, Damiya Shahid, Saba Taj, Noor Amir
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women's mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women's reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one's risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
鉴于乳腺癌(BC)的高发病率和对妇女死亡率的影响,它已成为全球关注的焦点。这种复杂的疾病源于各种风险因素,有些可以改变,有些则不能。了解和识别这些因素有助于预防乳腺癌和提高存活率。值得注意的是,女性的生殖行为已成为 BC 易感性的关键决定因素。大量研究揭示了包括月经初潮年龄、首次怀孕和更年期、怀孕次数、激素替代疗法等方面是如何影响女性罹患乳腺癌的风险的。此外,母乳喂养行为及其持续时间也与乳腺癌风险呈反比关系。本综述深入探讨了与母乳喂养相关的、有助于保护乳腺癌的生物和分子机制。它强调了哺乳刺激引发的内分泌过程、哺乳期闭经的逐渐发生、断奶延迟、终生月经周期减少、染色体修复机制以及整个哺乳周期中的免疫事件的作用。这些见解为母乳喂养对乳腺癌的保护作用提供了可能的解释。
期刊介绍:
Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde (GebFra) addresses the whole field of obstetrics and gynecology and is concerned with research as much as with clinical practice. In its scientific section, it publishes original articles, reviews and case reports in all fields of the discipline, namely
gynecological oncology, including oncology of the breast
obstetrics and perinatal medicine,
reproductive medicine,
and urogynecology.
GebFra invites the submission of original articles and review articles.
In addition, the journal publishes guidelines, statements and recommendations in cooperation with the DGGG, SGGG, OEGGG and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF, Association of Scientific Medical Societies, www.awmf.org). Apart from the scientific section, Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde has a news and views section that also includes discussions, book reviews and professional information.
Letters to the editors are welcome. If a letter discusses an article that has been published in our journal, the corresponding author of the article will be informed and invited to comment on the letter. The comment will be published along with the letter.