{"title":"Does tourism reduce income inequality?","authors":"Maximo Camacho, M. C. Ramos-Herrera","doi":"10.1177/13548166241262349","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the impact of tourism on inequality, we employ a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. With data from 1995 to 2020 across 120 countries, our Pooled Mean Group estimation reveals a positive impact. Interestingly, divergent patterns emerge when examining developed and developing countries separately. In the long run, tourism is associated with reduced inequality in developed countries but increased inequality in developing ones. However, in the short run, tourism consistently leads to increased inequality across all country types. Therefore, policy recommendations aimed at fostering equality through tourism should consider the varying effects based on the term considered and the level of development in countries. These findings are consistent across various measures of income inequality, including the Gini index, Theil index, Palma ratio, and Atkinson index.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tourism Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241262349","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Investigating the impact of tourism on inequality, we employ a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. With data from 1995 to 2020 across 120 countries, our Pooled Mean Group estimation reveals a positive impact. Interestingly, divergent patterns emerge when examining developed and developing countries separately. In the long run, tourism is associated with reduced inequality in developed countries but increased inequality in developing ones. However, in the short run, tourism consistently leads to increased inequality across all country types. Therefore, policy recommendations aimed at fostering equality through tourism should consider the varying effects based on the term considered and the level of development in countries. These findings are consistent across various measures of income inequality, including the Gini index, Theil index, Palma ratio, and Atkinson index.
期刊介绍:
Tourism Economics, published quarterly, covers the business aspects of tourism in the wider context. It takes account of constraints on development, such as social and community interests and the sustainable use of tourism and recreation resources, and inputs into the production process. The definition of tourism used includes tourist trips taken for all purposes, embracing both stay and day visitors. Articles address the components of the tourism product (accommodation; restaurants; merchandizing; attractions; transport; entertainment; tourist activities); and the economic organization of tourism at micro and macro levels (market structure; role of public/private sectors; community interests; strategic planning; marketing; finance; economic development).