The Relationship between Hypertrophy of the Ligamentum Flavum and Visual Analog Scale and the Ratio of IL-1β/IL-10 Levels in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis

Abstract

Introduction: Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (LSCS) or spinal stenosis is a spinal disease characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal due to mechanical compression of the spinal nerve roots. One of the causes of LSCS is Ligamentum Flavum hypertrophy which contributes directly to mechanical compression of nerve fibers or cauda equina. Pain in LSCS can range from mild to severe. An objective assessment of pain that is quite widely used is examination visual analog scale. Methods: This research was carried out at RSUP Prof I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Denpasar, Bali with research time from January 2023 to January 2024. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from secondary data from patient medical records. Data analysis in research uses descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Results: In this study, a sample of 32 patients was obtained with more males than females with percentages of 56.3% and 43.8%. Based on age, the average is 58 years with the youngest being 40 years and the oldest being 82 years. Based on the analysis carried out, it was found that there was a significant relationship between IL-1β with a value of p = 0.020 and IL-10 with a value of p = 0.030 (p > 0.05) with a positive correlation between IL-1β (0.409) and IL-10 (-0.384). Meanwhile, VAS has a positive correlation strength (0.469) with a p value = 0.007. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the Visual Analog Scale has a relationship with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in lumbar spinal canal stenosis and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy has a relationship with the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio in lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Keywords: LSCS, Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy, VAS, IL-1β, IL-10