Comparison of Performance and Efficiency of Different Refrigerants at High Load Conditions and their Impact on CO2eq Emissions

Christian Macrì, Álvaro De León, Felix Flohr
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Abstract

For battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), the climate control and the driving range are crucial criteria in the ongoing electrification of automobiles in Europe towards the targeted carbon neutrality of the automotive industry. The thermal management system makes an important contribution to the energy efficiency and the cabin comfort of the vehicle. In addition to the system architecture, the refrigerant is crucial to achieve high cooling and heating performance while maintaining high efficiency and thus low energy consumption. Due to the high efficiency requirements for the vehicle, future system architectures will largely be heat pump systems.The alternative refrigerant R-474A based on the molecule R-1132(E) achieved top performance for both parameters in various system and vehicle tests. An own-built energy efficiency tool was used to determine the possible energy reduction of R-474A in comparison to refrigerant alternatives that can be translated in a CO2 reduction of the thermal management as part of the overall vehicle CO2 footprint reduction.The results served as the basis for an efficiency study comparing the refrigerant R-474A against systems with pure R-1234yf and R-744 in a BEV in both cooling mode (AC mode) and heating mode (HP mode). The analysis was carried out with a focus on the performance and efficiency of thermal management under different climatic conditions and considering different driving cycles. The results of the most recent investigations and the study will be presented in this paper.
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比较不同制冷剂在高负荷条件下的性能和效率及其对二氧化碳排放的影响
对于电池电动汽车(BEV)来说,气候控制和行驶里程是欧洲汽车电气化进程中的关键标准,以实现汽车工业的碳中和目标。热管理系统对汽车的能源效率和车厢舒适性做出了重要贡献。除了系统结构外,制冷剂对于在保持高效率和低能耗的同时实现高制冷和制热性能也至关重要。基于分子 R-1132(E)的替代制冷剂 R-474A 在各种系统和车辆测试中都取得了最佳性能。我们使用自建的能效工具来确定 R-474A 与制冷剂替代品相比可能减少的能耗,这些能耗可转化为热管理中减少的二氧化碳排放量,作为车辆整体二氧化碳排放量减少的一部分。研究结果为在制冷模式(AC 模式)和制热模式(HP 模式)下,将 R-474A 制冷剂与纯 R-1234yf 和 R-744 制冷剂系统在 BEV 中进行的能效研究提供了依据。分析的重点是不同气候条件下的热管理性能和效率,并考虑了不同的驾驶循环。本文将介绍最新的调查和研究结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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