A Low-Cost System for Road Induced Tire Cavity Noise Control (RTNC)

Micha Sues, Aidin Nojavan, Jan Kirchhof, R. Schirmacher
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Abstract

The transition from ICE to electric power trains in new vehicles along with the application of advanced active and passive noise reduction solutions has intensified the perception of noise sources not directly linked to the propulsion system. This includes road noise as amplified by the tire cavity resonance. This resonance mainly depends on tire geometry, gas temperature inside the tire and vehicle speed and is increasingly audible for larger wheels and heavier vehicles, as they are typical for current electrical SUV designs. Active technologies can be applied to significantly reduce narrow band tire cavity noise with low costs and minimal weight increase. Like ANC systems for ICE powertrains, they make use of the audio system in the vehicle. In this paper, a novel low-cost system for road induced tire cavity noise control (RTNC) is presented that reduces the tire cavity resonance noise inside a car cabin. The approach is cheap in terms of computational effort (likewise ICE order cancellation) as well as additional hardware components. The signal from only one single-axis-accelerometer is used to estimate the frequency of the tire cavity resonance in real time. The sensor position is chosen to achieve a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the resonance which leads to a robust frequency estimation but does not require specific high coherence with interior noise components. The interior microphones and speakers of the vehicle are used to control the narrow-band noise at the estimated frequency. The performance of the system is investigated based on the simulation results as well as measurements in a real vehicle. The results match well and demonstrate that the technology is well understood, allowing potential virtual system tuning based on reliable simulation data. The system shows a high global reduction of the cavity noise in the vehicle's interior.
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道路诱导胎腔噪声控制 (RTNC) 的低成本系统
随着新车动力系统从内燃机到电动的过渡,以及先进的主动和被动降噪解决方案的应用,人们对与推进系统无直接联系的噪声源有了更深刻的认识。这包括由轮胎空腔共振放大的路面噪声。这种共振主要取决于轮胎的几何形状、轮胎内气体的温度和车速,对于较大的车轮和较重的车辆,这种共振的声音越来越大,因为它们是目前电动 SUV 设计的典型特征。采用主动技术可大幅降低窄带胎腔噪声,而且成本低、重量增加少。与用于内燃机动力系统的 ANC 系统一样,它们也是利用车辆的音频系统。本文介绍了一种新型低成本道路诱导胎腔噪声控制(RTNC)系统,可降低汽车座舱内的胎腔共振噪声。该方法在计算量(同样是 ICE 阶次消除)和额外硬件组件方面都很便宜。仅使用一个单轴加速计的信号来实时估算轮胎空腔共振频率。传感器位置的选择是为了实现共振的高信噪比 (SNR),从而实现稳健的频率估算,但不要求与车内噪声成分具有特定的高一致性。车内麦克风和扬声器用于控制估计频率的窄带噪声。根据模拟结果和实际车辆的测量结果,对系统的性能进行了研究。结果吻合度很高,表明该技术已被充分理解,可以根据可靠的模拟数据进行潜在的虚拟系统调整。该系统在很大程度上降低了汽车内部的空腔噪音。
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