Exploring Methanol and Naphtha as Alternative Fuels for a Hybrid-ICE Battery-Driven Light-Duty Vehicle

Erasmo Iñiguez, Javier Marco-Gimeno, J. Monsalve-Serrano, Antonio Garcia
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Abstract

In pursuing sustainable automotive technologies, exploring alternative fuels for hybrid vehicles is crucial in reducing environmental impact and aligning with global carbon emission reduction goals. This work compares methanol and naphtha as potential suitable alternative fuels for running in a battery-driven light-duty hybrid vehicle by comparing their performance with the diesel baseline engine. This work employs a 0-D vehicle simulation model within the GT-Power suite to replicate vehicle dynamics under the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). The vehicle choice enables the assessment of a delivery application scenario using distinct cargo capacities: 0%, 50%, and 100%. The model is fed with engine maps derived from previous experimental work conducted in the same engine, in which a full calibration was obtained that ensures the engine's operability in a wide region of rotational speed and loads. The calibration suggested that the engine could operate in a selected region where both the fuel consumption and emissions were optimal to reduce the environmental impact significantly compared to its diesel counterpart. The results show that the operation at higher engine speeds and loads to charge the battery and the engine running with naphtha or methanol significantly reduces the NOx emissions and the overall CO2 impact. Additionally, the study highlights that the challenges associated with using pure methanol in a compression ignition engine at low-load conditions are substantially mitigated in a hybrid setup, which assists in engine start-up and stabilization, facilitating optimal operational efficiency.
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探索甲醇和石脑油作为混合动力-ICE 电池驱动轻型汽车的替代燃料
在追求可持续汽车技术的过程中,探索混合动力汽车的替代燃料对于减少环境影响和实现全球碳减排目标至关重要。本研究通过比较甲醇和石脑油与柴油基线发动机的性能,将甲醇和石脑油作为潜在的合适替代燃料,用于电池驱动的轻型混合动力汽车。这项工作采用了 GT-Power 套件中的 0-D 车辆仿真模型,以复制全球统一轻型车辆测试循环 (WLTC) 下的车辆动态。通过选择车辆,可以使用不同的载货能力对交付应用场景进行评估:0%、50% 和 100%。该模型的发动机映射图来自于之前在同一台发动机上进行的实验工作,其中进行了全面标定,以确保发动机在广泛的转速和负载区域内的可操作性。标定结果表明,发动机可以在选定的区域内运行,该区域内的油耗和排放都是最佳的,与柴油发动机相比,可以显著减少对环境的影响。结果表明,在较高的发动机转速和负载下运行以给电池充电,以及发动机使用石脑油或甲醇运行,可显著减少氮氧化物排放和二氧化碳的总体影响。此外,该研究还强调,在混合动力设置中,低负荷条件下在压燃式发动机中使用纯甲醇所带来的挑战得到了极大缓解,这有助于发动机的启动和稳定,从而提高最佳运行效率。
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