A new species of Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) endemic to Greek ultramafics: From taxonomy to metal accumulation behavior

Abstract

A new species of Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) is described from Mount Vourinos in western Macedonia, Greece. The species is restricted to the ridge and the northern slopes of Mt. Vourinos above 1500 m a.s.l. and grows on stony slopes and dry rocky grassland on ultramafic soil with elevated trace metal concentrations. Based on morphological, karyological, and nrDNA sequences, the species is tetraploid with supernumerary B-chromosomes (2n = 4× = 32 + 2B) and related to the Balkan endemic Odontarrhena decipiens. It differs from the latter mainly by the habit of subshrub with woody base and a denser indumentum of stellate trichomes, resulting in a white-silvery color of the leaves and shoots. The presence of four degenerate positions in the ITS1 region was detected only in the new species from Mt. Vourinos. Shoot Ni concentrations determined by x-ray fluorescence analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy were largely variable (6200–18,700 μg g⁻¹ dw), but always significantly higher than in roots. Hydroponic trials confirmed the typical features of Ni hyperaccumulating plants, such as growth stimulating effect at low metal doses and shoot metal concentration above the hyperaccumulation threshold. The new species of Odontarrhena is a Ni hyperaccumulator with substantial aboveground biomass production, making it a promising candidate for phytomining applications.