Effect of Varying Temperatures on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3Ti0.1O2 Cathode Materials

Abstract

LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ (NMC 111) materials show promise as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their widespread use is hampered by various technical challenges, including rapid capacity fading and voltage instability. The cathode materials synthesized using the combustion method were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 650 to 900 °C for 24 h. In this study, we identified an optimal annealing temperature of 750 °C for LiNi_0.3Mn_0.3Co_0.3Ti_0.1O₂ (NMCT) materials. NMCT-750 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of about 140.1 mAh g⁻¹ and retains the capacity of 91 % after 30th cycles. The good performance of NMCT-750 is directly attributed to reduced cation mixing and the establishment of a stable structure with small particle sizes. In contrast, higher annealing temperatures (850 °C) lead to a rapid increase in primary particle size and result in poor cycling stability. Therefore, NMCT-750, annealed at 750 °C, holds great potential as a cathode material for the next generation of LIBs.