Urban-Rural Disparity in the Relationship Between Geographic Environment and the Health of the Elderly

IF 2 4区 社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI:10.1007/s12061-024-09586-7
Jiexia Xu, Jing Ma
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Abstract

As the aged population increases, the health of seniors (aged 60 years and over) is particularly important for the development of a healthy China, which makes it important to assess the health determinants for the elderly. This study aims to estimate the effect and pathway of microgeographic environment on the seniors’ health and physical activities, and further investigate the urban–rural disparity in the relationship between the seniors’ health and geographic environment. We collected data on 7155 elderly (≥ 60 years) from the Household Health Survey database of the Hebei Provincial Health Planning Commission, China. The geographic environment data, based on different radius buffers of respondents’ residence, were collected from Baidu Maps. The green space data were obtained from the dataset provided by National Ecosystem Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China. A series of multilevel generalized structural equation models were employed to examine the disparities in the effects of geographic environment on the seniors’ health and physical activities. Built environment has significant direct and indirect effects on the health of the urban elderly, while its indirect effect on the rural elderly is significant. Green space is significantly and positively associated with the seniors’ health, whereas its indirect effect is insignificant in rural areas. Environmental pollution has a negative correlation with seniors’ health, and it also significantly restricts seniors from participating in outdoor physical activities. Physical activity has a significantly beneficial effect and a significant mediating effect on the health of seniors in both urban and rural area. The socioeconomic attributes, such as income, education and age, are significantly associated with the health of urban and rural elderly. The study finds that built environment, green space, environmental pollution and physical activities are crucial factors influencing the seniors’ health, but there is significant urban–rural disparity in the health effects. The findings provide policy implications for the government to develop healthy neighborhoods and cities.

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地理环境与老年人健康之间的城乡差别
随着老龄人口的增加,老年人(60 岁及以上)的健康对健康中国的发展尤为重要,因此评估老年人的健康决定因素非常重要。本研究旨在估算微观地理环境对老年人健康和体育活动的影响及路径,并进一步探讨老年人健康与地理环境关系的城乡差异。我们从河北省卫计委住户健康调查数据库中收集了 7155 名老年人(≥ 60 岁)的数据。地理环境数据来自百度地图,以受访者居住地的不同半径缓冲区为基础。绿地数据来自中国国家科技基础条件平台国家生态系统科学数据中心提供的数据集。采用一系列多层次的广义结构方程模型来研究地理环境对老年人健康和体育活动影响的差异。建筑环境对城市老年人的健康有显著的直接和间接影响,而对农村老年人的间接影响显著。绿地与老年人的健康有明显的正相关关系,而其间接影响在农村地区并不明显。环境污染与老年人的健康呈负相关,同时也极大地限制了老年人参加户外体育活动。体育活动对城市和农村地区老年人的健康都有明显的有益影响,并有明显的中介效应。收入、受教育程度和年龄等社会经济属性与城市和农村老年人的健康显著相关。研究发现,建筑环境、绿色空间、环境污染和体育活动是影响老年人健康的关键因素,但在健康影响方面存在明显的城乡差异。研究结果为政府发展健康社区和健康城市提供了政策启示。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
5.30%
发文量
57
期刊介绍: Description The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace. RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts  Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management.   FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist.   Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.
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