Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy最新文献

We present the Auckland Urban Liveability Index (AULI), an indicator that quantifies modern liveability at the neighbourhood level in Auckland. The index comprises 29 variables spanning several components of liveability: social infrastructure, green space, transportation, safety and diversity. Each is documented transparently with accompanying data and code. We find that neighbourhoods with the highest liveability scores have comparatively good public transport provision and are amenable to active travel, reflecting the principles of modern urban densification. Through local modelling frameworks, we provide useful context on the generalisability of index components that supports the transfer of our index to other cities in New Zealand and re-evaluation of our index in light of new data.

Over the past two decades, Cambodia has achieved notable progress in poverty reduction. However, monitoring subnational poverty dynamics remains challenging due to the reliance on aggregated national statistics, which impedes the effective tracking of subnational trends critical for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on poverty eradication. This study utilizes Bayesian hierarchical geostatistical models to estimate multidimensional poverty rates across Cambodia at varying spatial resolutions for the period 2000 to 2014. By integrating georeferenced household survey data, satellite imagery, and administrative records, the analysis generates poverty maps that address the limitations of traditional national-level statistics. The findings reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in poverty reduction, with significant improvements observed in regions benefiting from targeted interventions, such as Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and localized infrastructure projects in Battambang province. Furthermore, the study highlights a divergence between monetary and multidimensional poverty metrics. This misalignment is particularly evident in areas such as the Tonlé Sap and Cambodia’s coastal regions, where unique socioeconomic factors might shape poverty dynamics. These findings emphasize the critical importance of designing tailored, region-specific policy responses to address localized poverty effectively.

Previous research on industrial agglomeration has been limited by administrative boundaries, leading to biased results. This paper uses the Duranton and Overman Index to assess high-end manufacturing agglomeration and analyses the influencing factors at various distances. This method surpasses traditional administrative limitations by using continuous geographical distance, providing a more accurate reflection of industrial agglomeration patterns. High-end manufacturing industries show spatial clustering with significant provincial differences, exhibiting patterns of ‘interlaced size’ and ‘small and wide’ agglomeration over 0-300 km, and ‘large and narrow’ within 50 km. Electrical machinery and automotive industries display mixed patterns, while others like computer electronics and railway equipment show varied distance agglomeration. The role of influencing factors on industrial agglomeration has a scaling effect. The relevance of agglomeration economies to industry clustering increases gradually with distance. In contrast, the influence of innovation resources is greater in proximity.

This article investigates the impact of innovative cities construction on air pollution. Based on panel data from 285 prefecture level cities in China from 2007 to 2021, we use difference-in-difference method (DID) to estimate the impact of innovative cities construction on air pollution. We find that the innovative cities construction could reduce urban air pollution, but this effect is mainly reflected in the cities with low innovation capacity and low environmental regulation intensity. Further analysis reveals that the reduction effect of air pollution could be attributed to the improvement of innovation level, industrial structure upgrading and the increase in government attention. The conclusion of this article provides evidence for the government to implement environmental protection and reduce air pollution.

Drawing on land use data of typical mineral resource-based cities throughout the world from 1990 to 2020, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of spatial structural evolution across different developmental stages. Employing life cycle theory and urban morphological analysis, the study uncovered the spatial evolutionary trajectories of each city, after which the common rules were summarized. Initially, these cities exhibited a scattered urban structure. With the exploitation of mining resources, high-vitality areas became increasingly agglomerated around one or several mining centers with the urban structure evolving from the construction stage to the growth and maturity stages. Subsequently, cities may face decline due to resource depletion or achieve regeneration through strategic urban transformation. The main forces driving these processes lie in geographical features, market-driven industrial changes, and government interventions. The study contributes to understanding the spatial evolution of mineral resource-based cities by providing a detailed examination of the whole life cycle and underscores the importance of bottom-up industrial upgrading and top-down political guidance in shaping urban spatial structures.

This study examines the consideration of spatial heterogeneity in the development of Home Insurance rates, specifically focusing on water damage throughout Spain. This focus arises from the need to establish a methodology that not only improves ratemaking procedures for water damage but also acknowledges the potential impacts of climate change, allowing differentiation in the effect of variables such as rainfall depending on the location and frequency of water claims. By using the GWPR model, spatial heterogeneity is taken into account and the ratemaking process is enhanced by identifying spatial clusters related to the frequency of water damage claims. Moreover, an empirical development has been carried out employing a database of home insurance data for water coverage in the Spanish territory. The variables selected in this process are not only associated with weather, but also with characteristics of the policies, housing, and socio-economic conditions of the policyholders.

Population migration is one of the main ways to understand city relations and city networks. This study uses the 1% national population sample survey in 2015 and complex network analysis to reveal the structural characteristics of China’s inter-city population migration network. The results are presented as follows. Firstly, in a directionally weighted city network based on population migration, the functions and status of city nodes differ from previous studies. Among them, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dongguan are clustering quintessential cities. Chongqing is a diffusing quintessential city. Important net in-migration and net out-migration cities tend to play the role of hub cities. Provincial capitals and above cities with prominent administrative functions tend to play the role of gateway cities. Secondly, the inter-city population migration network has the dual characteristics of ‘adjacent connection’ and ‘preferential connection’, and is dominated by ‘adjacent connection’, forming obvious clustered community structure, which reflects that location and distance still matter in city networks based on population migration. In addition, this study also found that the inter-city population migration networks are the spatial mapping of migrants’ social networks.

Interpersonal violence poses a formidable obstacle to harmonious coexistence, socioeconomic development, and public health globally, given its deleterious consequences and attendant mortality. In a multicultural society like Nigeria, violence is an unfortunate inevitability. This study undertakes a spatial analysis and Poisson time trend analysis of violence-related mortality cases in Nigeria, aiming to elucidate the dynamics, assess the public health burden, estimate relative risk, identify hotspots, and inform policy interventions to mitigate violence in severely affected areas. A total of 195,170 cases were recorded between 2006 and 2023, with Borno (46,425), Lagos (12,086), and Kaduna (10,548) accounting for 24%, 6%, and 5% of cases, respectively. In contrast, Ekiti state had the lowest number of cases (752). Notably, death rates in 2014 and 2015 accounted for 12% and 9% of all deaths rates that were attributed to violence during the period considered. The violent death rate showed clear regional differences, with over half of all death rates occurring in the North Central and North East regions. North West and South South regions contributed 12% and 14%, respectively while South East and South West regions contributed 8% and 10% of the remaining share, respectively. These figures show statistically significant socioeconomic and public health differences between the country's northern and southern regions (P < 0.000). Analysis of relative risk showed that while Plateau, Cross River, and Anambra had constant incidence rates, 27 states had elevated relative risk and seven states had a minimal drop in violence-related death. According to the study's findings, violence can have a significant impact on the health of mothers and children, making the nation's already fragile public health situation much worse. These findings underscore the complexity of Nigeria's violence landscape, highlighting the need for targeted, region-specific interventions to address the escalating violence and its public health repercussions. Policymakers and governments at all levels must prioritize evidence-based strategies to mitigate violence and promote peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.

In recent years, the impact of urban form evolution on atmospheric pollution has become increasingly prominent. However, previous studies have rarely examined the combined influence of urban spatial forms and human perception on air pollution, while excluding emissions from natural sources. To address this gap, our study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of the relationship between anthropogenic PM_2.5 pollution and urban form in China from 2000 to 2019. Using the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model, we analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of urban form on PM_2.5 pollution. Our findings reveal that anthropogenic PM_2.5 concentrations in China exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decline after 2013. In heavily polluted regions, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, annual average concentrations in most areas exceeded 60 μg/m³, with southern Hebei exceeding 100 μg/m³. The northern, southwestern, and Yangtze River Economic Belt regions had relatively lower concentrations, but still ranged between 20 and 60 μg/m³. Increasing urban compactness, reducing urban sprawl, and enhancing the complexity of urban form were found to contribute to lower anthropogenic PM_2.5 levels in most cities. Additionally, climate conditions characterized by high precipitation and temperature, along with urban form patterns featuring high density, cohesion, and controlled expansion, were associated with reduced anthropogenic PM_2.5 concentrations. In contrast, high humidity, dense populations, a thriving secondary sector, heavy traffic flow, and large, complex urban forms were likely to exacerbate anthropogenic PM_2.5 pollution. These findings provide scientific insights for coordinated strategies to control atmospheric pollution in Chinese cities.

This paper analyzes the accessibility of Curitiba, Brazil, by combining high-detail, big-data-informed automobile dynamic distance matrices from TomTom Traffic Stats and a bus network database - GTFS data - provided by the Curitiba City Council. Accessibility is measured dynamically, considering the changing conditions of congestion levels and bus frequencies, along with the daily variation of mobility patterns. The accessibility gap between private and bus modes is estimated, and its daily variation is analyzed regarding its spatial and temporal distribution. This study identifies places with greater public transport supply deficiencies and locations with the greatest needs for public transport improvements, suggesting priority intervention areas to improve the accessibility of the population while promoting a shift toward more sustainable transport modes. The outcomes show the relative advantage of cars versus buses and that a higher portion of Curitiba's population lives in areas with high accessibility gaps.