Consumption Rate of Energy Drinks among Kabul University Students: Caffeine Contents and Microbiological Examinations of their Available Varieties at Kabul City

Mohammad Homayoun Hashimi, Ziauddin Azimi, Hashmatullah Yousufi, Sahar Mohammadi
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Abstract

Energy drinks (EDs) have gained popularity as a beverage all around the world, but as their usage has grown, questions have been raised concerning their high caffeine concentration and potential for microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate EDs. consumption rate among Kabul University students, the determination of caffeine contents, microbiological quality, and pH of EDs available in Kabul City. 184 Kabul University students were selected using simple random selection to assess the types, amounts of consumption, and awareness about the side effects of EDs. The caffeine levels in EDs were quantified using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The EDs were cultured in various culture media for microbiological studies. 23 of the 184 students were regular users of EDs. The mean concentration of caffeine was 277.43 ppm with an SD of 137.49 to 143.10. The EDs had no microbiological contamination, and their pH ranged from 2.64 to 3.64. 12.5% of the students regularly used EDs, Caffeine levels in all of the evaluated EDs were below recommended levels, and none of them contained any bacteria contamination.
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喀布尔大学生的能量饮料消费率:喀布尔市现有各种能量饮料的咖啡因含量和微生物检验
能量饮料(EDs)作为一种饮料已在世界各地广受欢迎,但随着其使用量的增加,人们对其咖啡因浓度高和微生物污染的可能性提出了质疑。本研究的目的是评估喀布尔大学学生的乙醇汽水消费率、咖啡因含量的测定、微生物质量以及喀布尔市现有乙醇汽水的 pH 值。研究采用简单随机抽样的方法选取了 184 名喀布尔大学的学生,以评估他们食用 ED 的类型、数量以及对其副作用的认识。使用紫外/可见分光光度计对 ED 中的咖啡因含量进行了量化。在各种培养基中培养 ED,以进行微生物学研究。184 名学生中有 23 人经常服用 ED。咖啡因的平均浓度为百万分之 277.43,标差为 137.49 至 143.10。ED 未受微生物污染,pH 值介于 2.64 至 3.64 之间。12.5%的学生经常使用电子镇流器,所有被评估电子镇流器中的咖啡因含量均低于建议水平,且无任何细菌污染。
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