Adaptive emission profile of transformable fluorescent probes as fingerprints: A typical application in distinguishing different surfactants

Abstract

The overuse of surfactants has made them well-known environmental pollutants. So far, it is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, nonionic surfactants and surfactants with similar structures based on traditional analytical techniques. We developed a high-throughput method for distinguishing various surfactants based on the adaptive emission profile as fingerprints (AEPF). The fluorescence response of the sensor was based on the interaction between surfactants and 1,3-diacetylpyrene (o-DAP) probe. The interaction affected the reversible conversion of free molecules and two aggregates in the solution, thereby changing the relative abundance and the fluorescence intensity ratio of two aggregates emitting different fluorescence. The o-DAP sensor can distinguish four types of surfactants (16 surfactants), especially surfactants of the same type with similar structures. The o-DAP sensor sensitively determined the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 16 surfactants based on the interaction between o-DAP and surfactants. Additionally, the o-DAP sensor can detect and distinguish artificial vesicles made from different surfactants.