Analytical formulations with experimental validation for determining the incident heat flux from firefronts

IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI:10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104205
MohammadReza Modarres , Miguel Almeida , Gilberto Vaz , Domingos X. Viegas
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Abstract

Any target exposed to a heat source receives a certain amount of heat flux, depending on the distance, view factor, characteristics of the source, and environmental properties. Incident heat flux is mainly characterized by firefront properties, e.g., flame dimensions, and its thermal attributes by fuel properties, topography, and meteorological factors. Predicting the incident heat flux from the firefronts is crucial for fire risk management and analytical and numerical fire modelling. Based on this specification, safe zones can be defined for elements such as unprotected individuals, firefighters, and buildings. Since the contribution of radiation and convection varies with the fire evolution, it is essential to specify them as a function of distance and slope. This study elaborates determination of radiation and convection for firefronts. Sets of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted using fuel beds of straw with a load of 1.5 kg/m2 on the slopes of 0°, 20°, and 40° measuring the incident radiative and total heat fluxes. The proposed methodology was validated using available approaches and correlations between the flame length and the acceptable safety distance (ASD) were established. Unlike the existing models, a nonlinear correlation between convection and radiation during the firefront evolution is proposed.

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通过实验验证确定火面入射热通量的分析公式
任何暴露在热源下的目标都会接收到一定量的热通量,这取决于距离、视角系数、热源特性和环境属性。入射热通量主要由火面特性(如火焰尺寸)以及燃料特性、地形和气象因素决定的热属性来表征。预测来自火面的入射热通量对于火灾风险管理以及火灾分析和数值建模至关重要。根据这一规范,可以为无保护人员、消防员和建筑物等要素定义安全区域。由于辐射和对流的作用随火灾演变而变化,因此必须将它们指定为距离和坡度的函数。本研究详细阐述了火场辐射和对流的确定方法。在 0°、20° 和 40° 坡度上使用负载为 1.5 kg/m2 的稻草燃料床进行了多组实验室规模的实验,测量入射辐射和总热流量。利用现有方法对所提出的方法进行了验证,并建立了火焰长度与可接受安全距离(ASD)之间的相关性。与现有模型不同的是,提出了火线演变过程中对流与辐射之间的非线性关联。
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来源期刊
Fire Safety Journal
Fire Safety Journal 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
9.70%
发文量
153
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Fire Safety Journal is the leading publication dealing with all aspects of fire safety engineering. Its scope is purposefully wide, as it is deemed important to encourage papers from all sources within this multidisciplinary subject, thus providing a forum for its further development as a distinct engineering discipline. This is an essential step towards gaining a status equal to that enjoyed by the other engineering disciplines.
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