Fish Welfare-Related Issues and Their Relevance in Land-Based Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Farms in Korea

Abstract

Simple Summary The welfare of farmed fish is crucial in aquaculture, requiring demanding attention to ensure their health and safety throughout the farming process. Stress and pain experienced by fish have profound implications for their overall well-being, highlighting the importance of mitigating these factors. Enhancing fish welfare promotes the sustainability of aquaculture and fortifies fish resilience against stressors. Despite significant advancements in production and species diversity in Korean aquaculture, the welfare of farmed fish remains largely neglected. To address potential welfare issues in the farming process, we conducted an analysis focusing on olive flounder, a staple species in Korean aquaculture. We identified welfare concerns relevant to olive flounder farming, laying the foundation for the development of robust welfare standards and the promotion of ethical and responsible practices in Korean aquaculture. Abstract Korean aquaculture has expanded considerably in recent decades; however, this growth has often prioritized quantity over fish welfare. Therefore, we analyzed the aquaculture practices of olive flounder, the predominant species in Korean consumption and production, within the framework of fish welfare. We conducted extensive interviews and surveys across olive flounder farms in Jeju-do and Wando to examine prevalent issues impacting fish welfare in aquaculture. These issues include stressors, mass mortality events, and disease outbreaks, all of which strain the welfare of farmed fish. Moreover, our survey revealed farmers’ varying perceptions of fish welfare, highlighting the necessity for a cohesive approach. Accordingly, we propose recommendations to enhance fish welfare and establish a more sustainable aquaculture model in Korea. Ensuring fish welfare in aquaculture operations requires a comprehensive approach that considers the physiological and behavioral needs of fish throughout the farming lifecycle. By prioritizing fish welfare, Korean aquaculture can strengthen its growth while maintaining ethical standards and ensuring the well-being of farmed fish. This welfare-centric approach is crucial for the long-term sustainability and resilience of the Korean aquaculture industry. By addressing welfare concerns and promoting responsible practices, Korean aquaculture can foster an ethically sound and sustainable future.