Green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles using Annona muricata l. extract: Investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties

Abstract

In this work, Annona muricata L. extract was used to synthesize ZnOCuO bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). We used UV–visible, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy for analyzing ZnOCuO NPs. The FESEM showed spherical ZnOCuO. ZnOCuO morphology was examined using TEM. ZnOCuO crystalline planes are seen by XRD. The antibacterial, antioxidant, biocompatibility, and anticancer characteristics of green synthesized ZnOCuO NPs were examined. The MTT experiment evaluated the produced bimetallic nanoparticles’ inhibition of breast cancer (MCF-7) cell proliferation. The antibacterial activity of ZnOCuO NPs was determined utilizing growth inhibition, ROS production, and live and dead cell tests. ZnOCuO NPs showed superior bacteria-fighting ability at 100 μg/mL. ZnOCuO NPs also exhibit strong in vitro anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells. The MTT experiment showed a dose-dependent impact on MCF-7 cell lines, with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities of ZnOCuO NPs depended on dosage, suggesting their potential as antioxidants. In fibroblast cells, ZnOCuO NPs were tested for biocompatibility. Researchers found that NPs at greater concentrations (100 μg/mL) did not harm cells, showing strong biocompatibility. Results demonstrated that green ZnOCuO NPs may be antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer.