Recent progress on graphene nanoribbon-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as promising candidates for catalysing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their unique structural and electronic properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in utilising GNRs as catalysts or support materials for ORR application and discusses the underlying active sites, synthesis strategies, and optimisation approaches. The synergistic effects between GNRs and dopants, heteroatom substitutions and hybridisation with other materials have also been included. Moreover, experimental studies have elucidated the intricate interplay between GNR structure and the ORR kinetics, providing valuable catalyst design and optimisation insights. This review highlights the potential of GNR-based catalysts for ORR electrocatalysis and underscores the ongoing efforts to overcome existing limitations to realise their applicability in future electrochemical energy conversion technologies.