An Energy-Efficient Ternary Modulation With Water for Molecular Communication Systems: From Solvent to Information Carrier

IF 2.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1109/TMBMC.2024.3373380

Yu Huang;Wancheng Gan;Xuan Chen;Dong Tang;Jingyang Li;Miaowen Wen

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Abstract

In this paper, a ternary-order modulation is proposed for molecular communication (MC) systems, achieving the balance between both energy efficiency and transmission efficiency. When the hydrogen ions are of interest, acidic and basic are conventional binary states in response to acidic and basic solutions, respectively, where water typically acts as the solvent. Yet, the neutrality of water in terms of the pH scale indicates a third state rather than being either acidic or basic, serving as an energy-efficient information carrier due to its abundance in nature. In light of this, bipolar signaling is enabled in MC, leading to a unique ternary modulation. Except for the energy efficiency resulting from an extra neutral state, its transmission efficiency can be further enhanced compared with the binary counterparts given the fixed symbol interval. Finally, field experiments were exemplified to validate the feasibility of the proposed modulation scheme.

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用于分子通信系统的高能效水三元调制：从溶剂到信息载体

本文为分子通信（MC）系统提出了一种三阶调制方式，实现了能量效率和传输效率之间的平衡。当氢离子受到关注时，酸性和碱性是传统的二元状态，分别与酸性和碱性溶液相对应，其中水通常充当溶剂。然而，从 pH 值的角度来看，水的中性表明了第三种状态，而不是酸性或碱性，由于水在自然界中含量丰富，因此水是一种高能效的信息载体。有鉴于此，双极信号在 MC 中得以实现，形成了独特的三元调制。除了额外的中性态带来的能量效率外，由于符号间隔固定，其传输效率与二进制调制相比还能进一步提高。最后，现场实验验证了所提调制方案的可行性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Mathematics-Modeling and Simulation

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

13.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： As a result of recent advances in MEMS/NEMS and systems biology, as well as the emergence of synthetic bacteria and lab/process-on-a-chip techniques, it is now possible to design chemical “circuits”, custom organisms, micro/nanoscale swarms of devices, and a host of other new systems. This success opens up a new frontier for interdisciplinary communications techniques using chemistry, biology, and other principles that have not been considered in the communications literature. The IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMSC) is devoted to the principles, design, and analysis of communication systems that use physics beyond classical electromagnetism. This includes molecular, quantum, and other physical, chemical and biological techniques; as well as new communication techniques at small scales or across multiple scales (e.g., nano to micro to macro; note that strictly nanoscale systems, 1-100 nm, are outside the scope of this journal). Original research articles on one or more of the following topics are within scope: mathematical modeling, information/communication and network theoretic analysis, standardization and industrial applications, and analytical or experimental studies on communication processes or networks in biology. Contributions on related topics may also be considered for publication. Contributions from researchers outside the IEEE’s typical audience are encouraged.