Pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19.

IF 6 2区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI:10.1186/s10020-024-00855-2

Hong-Hua Shao, Rui-Xing Yin

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Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Since the outbreak in December 2019, it has caused an unprecedented world pandemic, leading to a global human health crisis. Although SARS CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs, causing interstitial pneumonia and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, a number of patients often have extensive clinical manifestations, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular damage and renal dysfunction.

Purpose: This review article discusses the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19 patients and provides some useful suggestions for future clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Methods: An English-language literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases up to 12th April, 2024 for the terms "COVID-19", "SARS CoV-2", "cardiovascular damage", "myocardial injury", "myocarditis", "hypertension", "arrhythmia", "heart failure" and "coronary heart disease", especially update articles in 2023 and 2024. Salient medical literatures regarding the cardiovascular damage of COVID-19 were selected, extracted and synthesized.

Results: The most common cardiovascular damage was myocarditis and pericarditis, hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial injury and heart failure, coronary heart disease, stress cardiomyopathy, ischemic stroke, blood coagulation abnormalities, and dyslipidemia. Two important pathogenic mechanisms of the cardiovascular damage may be direct viral cytotoxicity as well as indirect hyperimmune responses of the body to SARS CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions: Cardiovascular damage in COVID-19 patients is common and portends a worse prognosis. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular damage related to COVID-19 are not completely clear, two important pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage may be the direct damage of the SARSCoV-2 infection and the indirect hyperimmune responses.

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COVID-19 心血管损伤的致病机制。

背景：COVID-19是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（SARS CoV-2）引起的一种新型传染病。自2019年12月爆发以来，它引起了前所未有的世界性大流行，导致全球人类健康危机。虽然SARS CoV-2主要累及肺部，引起间质性肺炎和严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征，但不少患者常伴有广泛的临床表现，如胃肠道症状、心血管损害和肾功能障碍等。目的：这篇综述文章探讨了COVID-19患者心血管损害的致病机制，为今后的临床诊断、治疗和预防提供一些有益的建议。方法：1：方法：以 "COVID-19"、"SARS CoV-2"、"心血管损伤"、"心肌损伤"、"心肌炎"、"高血压"、"心律失常"、"心力衰竭 "和 "冠心病 "为关键词，在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中对截至 2024 年 4 月 12 日的英文文献进行检索，尤其是 2023 年和 2024 年的更新文章。筛选、提取和综合了有关 COVID-19 心血管损害的重要医学文献：最常见的心血管损害是心肌炎和心包炎、高血压、心律失常、心肌损伤和心力衰竭、冠心病、应激性心肌病、缺血性脑卒中、凝血功能异常和血脂异常。心血管损伤的两个重要致病机制可能是直接的病毒细胞毒性以及机体对 SARS CoV-2 感染的间接高免疫反应：结论：COVID-19 患者的心血管损伤很常见，预示着较差的预后。尽管与 COVID-19 相关的心血管损伤的潜在病理生理机制尚不完全清楚，但心血管损伤的两个重要致病机制可能是 SARSCoV-2 感染的直接损伤和间接的高免疫反应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Medicine 医学-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

137

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Medicine is an open access journal that focuses on publishing recent findings related to disease pathogenesis at the molecular or physiological level. These insights can potentially contribute to the development of specific tools for disease diagnosis, treatment, or prevention. The journal considers manuscripts that present material pertinent to the genetic, molecular, or cellular underpinnings of critical physiological or disease processes. Submissions to Molecular Medicine are expected to elucidate the broader implications of the research findings for human disease and medicine in a manner that is accessible to a wide audience.